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In one of the first reviews ever to be published of the CLG, Antoine Millet was critical of the form given to the text of the Course by its editors Bally and Sechehaye. In this article, I investigate Saussure's writing style from the perspective of author philology. My research thus concerns itself with variations found in Saussure's manuscripts for the Course of General Linguistics, starting from The Double Essence of Language and other examples from drafts of articles and preparatory notes for lectures. On one hand I highlight the importance of writing as a research instrument for Saussure, on the other hand I develop a hypothesis regarding the convergence of style and writing of his work. The upshot is to illustrate stylistic continuity in Saussure's manuscripts. Finally, I seek to bring together stylistic variations in Saussure's writing with notes made by Saussure in works dedicated to style and writing.

Keywords: Saussure, variantes, philologie, essence double, style, poésie, Saussure, Variations, Philology, Double Essence, Style, Poetry

The discipline of history, probably more than the other disciplines in the humanities, has had to struggle with the postmodern challenge. After a necessarily short and simplified overview of the various thoughts on the impact postmodernism has had upon the historical discipline, this paper addresses a problem rarely raised in the philosophy of history, but which has been set out with a renewed acuteness by postmodernism: not the practical, but the theoretical and discursive relation historians have with their own knowledge, i.e. the epistemological exercise. I argue that while, for a long time, historians have applauded the epistemological exercise's absence in their discipline, the postmodern challenge has led many of them to object to it. It is indeed the way historians relate to epistemology that has been deflected under the impulse of postmodernism. Beyond this major discursive deflection, I conclude that it would be relevant to reflect further on the purposes and the ends of the epistemology within the historical discipline. This reflection, in turn, invites us to rethink the old and thorny question of the fraught relationship between history and philosophy.

Keywords: Postmodernisme, discipline historique, épistémologie, historiens, philosophie de l'histoire, Postmodernism, historical discipline, epistemology, historians, philosophy of history

This article surveys a century of U.S. writing on the War of 1898, and Canadian writing on the South African War, in order to contrast national attitudes toward international conflict. While Canadians tend to view their American neighbours as more fond of military exploits, a comparison of the historical representation of these remarkably similar fin de siècle conflicts finds a greater willingness among American popular and scholarly analysts to impugn their nation's motivations in the War of 1898, and to call attention to aspects of the battle that reflect poorly on their nation's self-image. Canadians, for their part, have tended to steer clear of controversial aspects of the South African War, or to ignore it altogether – over the course of a century that has otherwise witnessed an ongoing fascination with Canada's participation in foreign conflicts. I suggest that this diffidence has roots in English Canada's historical affections for imperialism, faith in government, and ethnic and cultural homogeneity, the latter of which has seen much of the military history of Canada recounted by individuals of similar identities and points of view.

Archaos ou le jardin étincelant by Cristiane Rochefort, is a post-May 68 utopia. The learning process prescribed in this novel parodies/mocks traditional coming-of-age novels: rules are not enacted by an exogenous mentor. Classical intellectual guides are ridiculed. The process of initiation is turned inward, toward the self, and is accomplished by way of sex education, the ultimate condition for access to power. Resolutely feminist, this novel reconsiders the world led by women. Archaos is the story of a Dionysian journey under the guise of a political utopia which calls for symbolic death and for an esoteric renaissance under the auspices of the goddess Isthar.

In 1936, when Henri Langlois creates the French Cinemathèque, he is a film collector, but also a collector of what we call in France "non-film" (special collections), that is to say everything that surrounds the conception, fabrication, production, promotion and study of a film. He adds in his collection, resembling something of an art museum, movie extracts, mythical objects from the History of cinema, archives, posters, advertisements, photographs, magical lantern plaques, movie cameras, setting and props, etc. In this article, I would like to show all of the aforementioned are highly connected to a film's valorization.

Keywords: special collection, collection non-film, museum of cinema, musée du cinéma, fine arts, arts plastiques, Cinémathèque, cinémathèque, valorisation, valorisation, documentation, traitement documentaire

This review essay considers whiteness in Shakespeare and early modern studies through five books: David Sterling Brown’s Shakespeare’s White Others; Miles Grier’s Inkface: Othello and White Authority in the Era of Atlantic Slavery; Farah Karim-Cooper’s The Great White Bard: How to Love Shakespeare While Talking About Race; White People in Shakespeare: Essays on Race, Culture and the Elite, edited by Arthur L. Little, Jr; and Ian Smith’s Black Shakespeare: Reading and Misreading Race.

Keywords: whiteness studies, Shakespeare, anti-blackness, early modern studies