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A man of much learning and a man of popularisation, Charles Estienne (1514–1564) was interested in theatrical translation and edition both in Latin and in French, as well as in many other editorial and scientific activities. Interest in theatre was at the centre of Charles Estienne’s career consecrated to knowledge sharing; it manifested itself first in the French translation of a contemporary Italian comedy, re-edited at least twice. Then he produced several annotated editions for young people of a comedy by Terence, Andria. These were followed by the French translation of this same comedy, accompanied by a treatise on the Jeux des Anciens [Plays of the Ancients]. These two plays are representative of Charles Estienne’s endeavour to make the great works of from classical past as well as contemporary Italy accessible to a wider public. Above all, these texts are designed for performance, in an educational context but also simply for the pleasure of theatrical spectacle. The rendering of the French, and the rendering of readability (through lexica, annotations, commentaries, abridgements etc.) stage the source text, which would be spoken during the performance but also stage its mediator, the populariser (who translated, edited, made comprehensible and disseminated the text). Thus translation for the stage illustrated a humanist position on the transmission and sharing of knowledge: a performance of revival and popularisation.

This paper focuses on cyber risks as an emerging threat to global economic stability. Today, the whole risk landscape seems to be undergoing profound changes because of digitalization. The main challenge is finding a compromise between the expected benefits of digitalization and the risks inherent to the new business models it imposes. The rise of cyber risks in global risk mapping certainly requires a reflection on the nature of this risk as well as its extent and consequences, but above all else, hedging responses are required. The cyber-insurance market is responding to this new risk category; however, as an emerging industry, the supply of cyber insurance and reinsurance remains well below the actors' expectations. Undoubtedly, the main difficulties faced by risk managers are those of anticipating, measuring, and quantifying cyber risks. First, the author focuses on the concept of cyber risk, its characteristics and scope, and the sphere of its stakes. Second, the author emphasizes the issues of cyber-risk anticipation, measurement, and quantification. Third, the author describes the progress made in establishing a framework for managing cyber risk, particularly through the work of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Finally, the author opens a debate on the new lines of thinking for improving cyber-risk hedging through the financial markets and the use of derivatives, mainly insurance-linked securities.

Keywords: cyber-risque, cartographie des risques, couverture, cyber assurance, produits dérivés, titres assurantiels, cyber risk, risk mapping, risk hedging, cyber insurance, derivatives, insurance-linked securities ()

Related to the question of the professionalization of teaching, this article presents an analysis of the historical and sociological evolution of teachers’ professional knowledge in Quebec and Ontario through the Neo-Weberian approach in the sociology of professions. Employing a review of literature, we conclude that the implementation of theoretical rational knowledge in the years 1950-1960 is carried out in a differentiated manner, with this rationalization being based on a scientific pedagogy in Quebec and on liberal education in Ontario. Despite the arrival of a “practical rationality” in the 1990s in the two provinces, the changes of subsequent years retain certain conceptions from the 1950s and 1960s, which have had a major influence on the current structures of teacher education programs.

Keywords: professional knowledge, rationalization, professionalization, teachers, Quebec, Ontario, comparative education, neo-Weberian approach, savoir professionnel, rationalisation, professionnelisation, enseignants, Québec, Ontario, éducation comparée, approche néowébérienne

The theoretical-practical knowledge of the clown is compiled. Clown, a scenic artist who promotes sacred laughter: the moment where the entire public laughs in unison for the pleasure of laughing in community. The objective of the research: to provide elements to develop the methodological principles of the socio-educational clown; the one that carries out interventions to improve people’s quality of life, from social pedagogy and theatrical animation. The methodology is based on ethnographic approach and participatory observation. The results are triangulated through the field diary, empirical references from studies on humor and theoretical references. Humor definitions are generated to correlate them with indicators and variables from the field diary. The results indicate that sacred laughter correlates with adaptive humor, which promotes the strengthening of ties between people and their well-being, key elements in the development of socio-educational interventions.

Keywords: animación sociocultural, animation socioculturelle, Sociocultural Animation, Animación Teatral, Animation théâtrale, Theatrical Animation, Clown socioeducativo, Socio-educative Clown, Clown socio-éducatif, Laughter, Risa, Rire, Humor, Humor, Humour

This essay is part of and offers a reflection on the enactive approach to cognition (Varela & al; Thompson, 2007) applied to adult education in Quebec. The objective is to participate in the scientific reflection on professional training in a university context. The preferred content analysis technique derives from the anasynthesis content analysis method (Legendre, 2005; Messier & Dumais, 2016). First, the context of professionalizing university training in Quebec is presented. Then, human activity according to an enactive approach is defined in order to clarify certain key concepts. Finally, examples of applications of enaction in professionalizing university training allow us to explore how an enactive posture supports the professional training of students.

Keywords: Enaction, Énaction, Professionalizing university training, Formation des adultes, Formation professionnelle, Human activity, Adult education, Analyse de l’activité humaine, Course of action, Expérience

Management in the field of sociocultural community development and social intervention distinguishes itself widely from that of more hierarchical environments characterized by other personal convictions and other forms of commitment. This article proposes a singular lighting on the realities of these functions in social related jobs based on the data of a national survey (INSEE, Employment 2011) on these occupations (sociocultural community developmers, specialized educators, etc.) as well as on a series of interviews with managers who work in sociocultural community development (community centers, Youth’s services, etc.) or more widely in social intervention. The author admits after examination that supervision keeps a part of mystery, partially hidden by a smoke screen because of the complexity of this multifaceted work.

Keywords: funciones de dirección, managerial functions, fonctions de direction, managers profiles, profils des directeurs, perfiles de los directores, métiers du social, sociocultural work, oficios del social, France, Francia, France

The project of care of a private psychiatric hospital for teenagers articulates in an innovative approach of the management of the patient care, studies and sociocultural community development, including artists’ presence around a circassian speciality developed by the establishment. The professionals sociocultural community developpers seem here closely associated to the medical team in a global and multidimensional design of the care. However, while the interweaving of three logics is validated by the institution, the empirical investigation reveals tensions between the visions and the roles of the various categories of professionals. It demonstrates that the function of the sociocultural community development, still widely subjected to the logic and to the imperatives of the care, has to fight for the respect of its specificity.

Keywords: animación, animation, animation, care, soin, cuidado, art, art, arte, culture, cultura, culture

For many elderly people, participating in society is increasingly less obvious and less attained in old age. Sociocultural community developers, who work with the elderly, face therefore the challenge to contribute to maintaining and promoting the participation of older people in activities, in projects and in society. In this paper, we take a sample of students of a 1st cycle degree on sociocultural community development and analyse the strategies and practices reported by them to promote participation among the elderly population. A content analysis of 22 students’ internship reports was conducted; some students also answered a questionnaire or an interview. The data collected allow us to identify 11 strategies of promoting the participation of older people and to classify the types of participation described. These data also enable a discussion about representations of participation within the sociocultural community development.

Keywords: personas mayores, elderly people, personnes âgées, participation, participation, participación, sociocultural community development, animación sociocultural, animation socioculturelle