Search Results

On 27 September 2016, the ICC found Ahmad Al Mahdi guilty of war crimes for intentionally directing attacks on ten of the most important and well-known monuments in Timbuktu, a city inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List since 1988. For the first time, the ICC has focused on the destruction of cultural heritage. The scope of his judgment is therefore historical. However, despite the media coverage and a certain amount of triumphalism, which characterized the adoption of this decision, some reservations may be addressed as to the interpretation followed by the Court. It is nonetheless a “pilot case,” which will certainly influence future case law and must be considered as a milestone for the development of cultural heritage law.

While the importance of the publisher Éditions François Maspero in the political and intellectual fields is attested by numerous recent works, its contribution to the changes in the politics of literature surrounding May 68 merits particular attention. We hypothesize that François Maspero's activity leading up to and after 68 forms part of the literary field's politicization through the complex articulation between political theory and literary creation evident throughout his catalogue. Our focus here is four acceptations evident at Maspero, which represent different aspects of the conflictual place of literature in the social space of May 68. We first look at the prefaces written by Jean-Paul Sartre in two books published by Maspero: Aden Arabie by Paul Nizan and Les damnés de la terre (The Wretched of the Earth) by Frantz Fanon. We then analyze a series of articles by Georges Perec that appeared in the early 1960s in the journal Partisans. The third acceptation we observe turns up in publications devoted to Maspero's literary creations, notably poetry in translation. Finally, our analysis examines the “Théorie” series directed by Louis Althusser and its reflections on the tensions between art and ideology. An examination of these four literary variations shows that Maspero took a lead in giving voice to Third World issues, in fiercely criticizing the PCF aesthetic and in distancing from the principles of committed literature, thus presaging the major transformations of 68 continuing into the 1970s.

The importance of international immigration is certainly a central socio-political issue in Quebec. It poses equally significant challenges for Francophone minority communities spread across Canada. In both cases, efforts are being made to encourage immigration candidates who are fluent in the French language. An important question remains: where will these Francophones come from? After having sketched an overall description of the vast Francophone world, based on past and future trends, we examine the main elements that make it possible to understand the phenomenal growth in the number of Francophones particularly related to the socio-demographic dynamics observed on the African continent.

The article presents a study conducted in Ottawa with fifty recent immigrant adults who are attending French courses for social and professional integration. On the one hand, this research aimed to trace the profile and language practices of these immigrants, their attitudes and motivations regarding the language and the local Francophonie as well as their actual contacts with this community. We collected this data using a questionnaire. On the other hand, we conducted a study of integration policies for Francophone minority communities in order to highlight the joint effects of language factors and current language policies on the integration trajectories of our target population. The study concludes on divergences between the expected outcomes of the policies and the reality of integration in a linguistically complex environment.

Cities are increasingly emerging as political actors at the international level because they constitute an effective level of intervention in the political, economic and social management of urban issues. Moreover, the involvement of the various stakeholders, and in particular citizens, has long been synonymous with a democratic society. This involvement is proving to be an integral part of economic development and social development and an increasingly interesting area of research. This article seeks to identify the key factors of citizen participation in Algeria by taking the city of Tlemcen as a case study, and using a questionnaire-based survey.

Keywords: parties prenantes de la ville, participation citoyenne, gouvernance urbaine, villes algériennes, city stakeholders, citizen participation, urban governance, Algerian cities, partes interesadas de la ciudad, participación ciudadana, gobernanza urban, ciudades argelinas

The confrontation between contemporary and ancient art, within the framework of temporary exhibitions or in the context of permanent collections, is not new, and examples are numerous. This article shows, through a description of a variety of temporary exhibitions organized by the British Museum, bringing together contemporary Middle Eastern and ancient Islamic art, the ideological consequences of such juxtapositions which consistently favour continuity over rift.

Francophone schools in British Columbia have seen their population gradually diversify due to a substantial increase in immigration in recent years. This diversification of the educational environment is redefining the face of the French-speaking community, both in terms of its identity and its language, and raising questions about the ties between families and schools. Indeed, immigrant families are facing a different educational culture that challenges their representations of francophone identity in B.C. schools. Our paper examines these representations through the special lens of teachers as immigrants and as parents. How can these representations shed light on explicit or implicit cultural distances that can sometimes undermine effective interactions between immigrant families, their children, and francophone schools?

Keywords: éducation, francophonie, milieu minoritaire, représentations, immigration, education, French-speaking communities, minority setting, perceptions, immigration, educación, francofonía, contexto minoritario, representaciones, inmigración

This article, which comes under the fields of literacy and the didactics of writing, provides a comparative reading of two teaching-learning experiments geared toward writing and addressed to two very different Francophone audiences, namely under-educated writers undergoing socio-professional reintegration in Belgium and master's students in France. The two systems employed are based on a vision of writing as a process, the central concept of students' relationship to writing, and tools borrowed from textual genetics. The text puts special emphasis on the relationship to writing, showing how this concept is both heuristic and operational in designing, implementing and assessing systems aiming to develop the scriptural competence of writers with very different profiles.

Keywords: rapport à l'écriture, réécriture, littéracies, didactique de l'écriture, génétique textuelle, relationship to writing, rewriting, literacy, didactics of writing, textual genetics, relación con la escritura, reescritura, alfabetización, didáctica de la escritura, genética textual