Search Results

SummaryThis article has for its object the discourse of leaders of community associations (Italian, Jewish, Haitian and Lebanese) in the Montreal region bearing on the national question. These leaders are implicated in social and political action and contribute to the definition of particular identities and make demands based on ethnicity. This social construction of ethnicity and the political mobilisation based on ethnicity is part of the special context in Quebec marked by the national question. The discourse is analysed in reference to three themes: the linguistic question, identity references, political orientations. The interpretation bears on the theoretical reflexion on ethnicity as a political category for action, on the analysis made of the role of the state regarding the gestion of ethnicity in the Canadian and Quebecois contexts and on the relations of force between them.

Keywords: ethnicité, identité, question nationale, question linguistique, particularismes, universalisme, blocs sociaux, fédéralisme, souveraineté, citoyenneté, ethnicity, identity, national question, linguistic question, particularities, universally, social block, federalism, sovereignty, citizenship, etnicidad, identidad, cuestión nacional, cuestión lingüística, particularismos, universalismo, bloques sociales, federalismo, soberanía, ciudadanía

SummaryThe author focuses on the process of constructing a Québécois Islamity. In this article, he begins by analyzing how integration into Québec society is conceived in the discourse addressed by Muslim leaders to fellow members of their religion. This conception of integration is based on an interpretation what the relationship between Muslims and non-Muslims ought to be, on a particular view of Canadian and Québec integration policies, and on a desire for the greatest possible consolidation of the Muslim community. The author then examines the effects of the prevailing «reasonable accommodation» policy in Québec, and reflects on its potentially perverse effects with regard to the trend towards community withdrawal.

Keywords: islam, Québec, intégration sociale, accommodement raisonnable, leadership, identité, communauté, Islam, Québec, social integration, reasonable accommodation, leadership, identity, community, Islam, Quebec, integración social, acomodamiento razonable, liderazgo, identidad, comunidad

In the eyes of a large part of the French ethnologists community, France's signing of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention in 2006 opened a new era in the history of its heritage. For some, it is a question of radically shaking loose the traditional values of French heritage and public policy, dominated by the monopoly of high culture and, specifically, fine arts. For others, it is at least a question of a field of opportunity opening up to the discipline and its recognition. Putting this decision in an historical perspective requires a return to the conditions and limitations of the institutionalisation of ethnological heritage over the course of the “heritage years” of the 1980s. Two issues merged at the end of this twenty year period. The first, museological and museographical, directly arises from the perpetual and unresolved crisis of how to collect items of ethnological interest, display them, or turn them into items for scientific inquiry. The second rests with the relationship between projects of regional identity — or “territory projects,” which have been growing in number since 1995, and certainly since 1998-2000, within the context of national area planning, and the multiple attempts at decentralised rezoning — and the continued affirmation of in situ heritage, located in a place from which it draws its legitimacy and which it in turn legitimates. From these two points of view, intangibility poses a challenge which the institutions of the Ministry of Culture and local actors are presently assessing.

AbstractDardanelles and Bosphorus are probably the most emblematic straits in the world. These two narrow and winding waterways, together with the Sea of Marmora lying between them, link the Black Sea with the Mediterranean Basin, which have witnessed numerous conflicts throughout history. In recent years, they have experienced a sharp increase in maritime traffic, which is a threat to waterside residents and the natural environment. This has led to a gradual dispersion of Istanbul's harbour plants and facilities. The rural environment of Dardanelles is in sharp contrast to the very densely urbanized Bosphorus, the hub of a metropolis with 10 million people, confronted with a chaotic urbanization process and intense intra-urban traffic. The Turkish Straits contribute to Istanbul's vantage point in the region of the Black Sea, which is today challenged by Turkey's new commitment to openness to the Mediterranean Basin as a venue for increasing trade with the European Union.

Keywords: Dardanelles, Bosphore, Turquie, trafic maritime, urbanisation littorale, position géopolitique, Dardanelles, Bosphorus, Turkey, sea transportation, coastal urbanization, geopolitical position

The ten last years have seen the growth of Cultural Studies on the francophone intellectual and academic scene. This growth has generated as much fearful attention as it has eager initiatives to further the academic institutionalization of Cultural Studies. The aim of this article is to examine what Francophone academics «do with» and «say about» Cultural Studies. Cultural Studies has followed a number of historical trajectories which have varied with the places and periods in which it has developed, and discussion of these trajectories has always contributed to Cultural Studies ongoing redefinition. This discussion has been just as important to Cultural Studies as its stated project. The first part of the article provides an overview of the development of Cultural Studies in the English speaking world over the past fifty years. The second part deals with with the place of Cultural Studies In the Francophone world, from its emergence in Quebec in the 1980s to its being taken up in Francophone Europe in recent years. This historical and analytic look at Cultural Studies will allow us to understand the ways in which Cultural Studies is being received in the Francophone world at the present time. This reception of Cultural Studies has been marked by restraint, reservations and conflicts. The diversity of sites in which it has been taken up within the Francophone world, the disciplinary resistance that confronts it, and, at the same time, the (perhaps unwarranted) hopes invested by younger generations in Cultural Studies are all phenomena which may only be fully understood through a profound understanding of French society. This article examines some of these phenomena, each of which, in its way, has contributed to the ongoing redefinition of Cultural Studies, in a manner faithful to the hyper-contextualization which is one of its traits.

This paper aims to evaluate and analyze trade potential of Monetary and Economic Community of Central Africa's countries (MECCA) in the light of market integration theory. Gradually, we analyze stylized facts of member's countries trade and estimate an augmented gravity model to evaluate the bilateral trade patterns in the subregion. The results obtained are used to compute the trade potential index in the community. The study found four major results: (i) the stylized facts show heterogeneity and a low level of integration in the subregion; (ii) the coefficients of the traditional variables of the gravity model globally keep their theoretical signs; (iii) the poor level of GDP per capita and the lack of diversification of productive structures are the main factors reducing trade potential in the sub-region; (iv) even though weak, there is some trade creation episodes, notably in the bilateral flows of Cameroon and others member's countries.

Environmental behavioral processes are frequently studied in the field of SMEs. However, these processes are difficult to perceive as they involve changes in visions, attitudes and intentions. Moreover, we know little about the intention of company directors of SMEs with regard to the environment. The aim of this article is to explore the type and the pertinence of relations that exist between company directors' environmental intentions and their determining factors. This research is concerned with the field of sustainable entrepreneurship and employs Ajzen's (1991) theory of planned behavior. It presents an explorative perspective based on a survey with twenty company directors of SMEs in the textile-clothing sector in Tunisia as well as a lexical analysis. The results led to the formulation of eight propositions relating to the determining factors in environmental intention. These more precisely concern the expected results of the desired behavior, the actions undertaken with a view to achieving this, the pressure from public authorities and the foreign prime manufacturers, the perceptions of the environmental aptitudes and the availability of resources, the type of activity and the desire to imitate entrepreneurs' models.

Keywords: Entrepreneuriat durable, Intention environnementale, Responsabilité sociale des entreprises, Secteur du textile-habillement, Théorie du comportement planifié, Sustainable entrepreneurship, Environmental intention, Corporate social responsibility, Textile-clothing sector, Theory of planned behavior, Empresariado sostenible, Intención medioambiental, Responsabilidad social de las empresas, Sector textil para la vestimenta, Teoría del comportamiento planificado

Asymmetric strategic alliances instability is a controversial issue in management science (Cheriet, 2009). Several ambiguities remain regarding its measurement or its assessment. Our work aims to analyze this concept as a strategic tool developed by the multinational firms to control the cooperative relationship. Our research is based on 8 cases studies of asymmetric alliances between MNCs and local firms in Tunisia. Our results show that the instability may be an option considered and planned by multinational firms. These results are finally discussed under two theoretical concepts : repeated and transferred instability.

Keywords: Instabilité, Asymétrie, Alliances stratégiques, Firme multinationale, PME, Tunisie, Instability, Asymmetry, Strategic alliances, MNC, SME, Tunisia, Inestabilidad, Asimetría, Alianzas estratégicas, Empresa multinacional, PyME, Tunisia