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This paper aims to make a roundup of management researches in African context. From the set of recent publications (2014–2018) on the theme, we make a meta-analysis that leads to three main tendencies: the higher interest accorded to finance, Human management resources and marketing problematics; the wide proportion of confirmative studies in a context where available theories don't describe organizational realities and the unequal volume of publications from one country to another. That situation is calling for a rethinking of some methodological aspects of research in view to access a management practices observed in the continent.

Keywords: Environnement africain, Management africain, Management en Afrique, Méta-analyse, Sciences de gestion, African environment, Management in Africa, Méta-analysis, Management sciences, medio ambiente africano, management africano, management en África, meta-análisis, ciencia de gestión

This article focuses on the use of digital tools by SMEs in the context of their internationalization. The authors examine the influence of social networking sites on the psychic distance that is perceived by companies. The empirical study is based on a survey of 268 Belgian SMEs. The results show that social networking sites help to reduce psychic distance when they are used to develop knowledge on foreign markets, to prospect and acquire new customers and to monitor international competitors. Conversely, the use of social networking sites to identify international partners does not influence the perception of psychic distance by SMEs.

Keywords: Distance psychique, modèle d'Uppsala, PME, internationalisation, réseaux sociaux numériques, Psychic distance, Uppsala model, SME, internationalization, social networking sites, Distancia psíquica, modelo de Uppsala, PyME, internacionalización, redes sociales digitales

On prévoit qu'en 2015, ce sera plus de 72,7% des internautes canadiens qui utiliseront un téléphone intelligent, et 51,1% qui utiliseront une tablette électronique (eMarketer 2015b). Due à l'augmentation du taux de pénétration des appareils mobiles dits intelligents et aux récents développements des caractéristiques et fonctionnalités des appareils et de la technologie mobile, le « mobile » s'est transformé en un outil marketing permettant aux entreprises d'être omniprésentes auprès des consommateurs, soit n'importe où et n'importe quand (Varnali et Toker, 2010). Les téléphones intelligents offrent la possibilité de fusionner de riches campagnes de promotions avec les fonctionnalités de géolocalisation et permet ainsi de mettre en place des stratégies de publicités mobiles ciblées sur les consommateurs (Husson et Ask, 2014). Par ailleurs, avec la croissance rapide …

AbstractThis paper's purpose is to show that the use of sporting objects as references for identity reflects the broader changes making consumerism a significant element of “self” affirmation. The destabilization of the symbolic organisation of society gives to these standardized goods usually short-life products and sold at an international level an importance that goes far beyond their utility. Emotional and narrative dimensions of the sporting events, largely exploited by marketing, organize a frame in which commodities take a new meaning. Numerous non-sporting uses of goods are made in reference to sporting events but uses cannot be limited to that. The spread of the culture of sports practice explains other uses that also express and recall emotions and social bonds. While analysing the situation in France, this paper demonstrates that the uses of sporting goods reflect mutations of the symbolic.

Keywords: Ohl, identités, objets, consommation, sport, efficacité symbolique, Ohl, identities, objects, consumerism, sport, symbolic efficacy

For several decades, the positive norms of cosmopolitanism and omnivorousness have dominated cultural consumption in Britain. This paper will discuss the implications of these interrelated affinities in the popular reception of fiction in translation. Ethnographic data for the study has been collected mostly through participant observation with book club members in the UK. Through an analysis of statements made by readers, the article will illustrate how reading and discussing fiction in translation encourages readers to mobilize their international cultural capital and how horizontal and vertical boundaries between genres become blurred. Consequently, individual translations may become “upgraded” or “downgraded” in aesthetic terms, especially in the ways these books have been packaged and marketed to readers.

Creativity is both the glue that binds together the fundamental building blocks of tourism and also the lubricant that makes the tourism system evolve into new dimensions. In this paper, the authors attempt to show how creativity is vital to our understanding of tourism. In particular, it is demonstrated how even traditionally ‘given' tourism products like culture and nature are not accepted passively by tourists: creative tourists actively engage in the co-production of their natural-cultural experiences as tourists. For ‘the creative class', authenticity is in the co-created experiences; it is not something residing inherently in the objects of consumption. However, for the tourism system to remain sustainable, the need for change in creativity should be tempered with a corresponding need for continuity. Successful tourism enterprises, thus, embody a dynamic equilibrium between continuity and change.

Many countries have reported supply shortages of antibiotics in recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked interesting discussions among government officials, public health practitioners, and scholars on how to maintain the security of the global pharmaceutical supply chain and how to decrease dependency on countries such as China. This article discusses the experiences and initial findings of tracing global pharmaceutical supply chains through pharmaceutical trade fairs and events at multiple locations. I argue that the reasons behind antibiotic supply shortages are multifold. Although the geographical concentration of the production of key raw materials and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) in China is considered the main reason for the unstable and disrupted supply chain, it is also important to recognize that the same forces that have driven Western pharmaceutical companies to shift some of their less profitable manufacturing lines to China are also challenging Chinese pharmaceutical companies to adjust and reorient their strategies. As such, antibiotics are facing a conundrum in which the governance of excessive use is complicated by a shortage problem that hampers access to essential drugs.

Keywords: antibiotics, global supply chain, Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, antimicrobial resistance, pharmaceutical trade fair, China, antibiotiques, chaîne d'approvisionnement mondiale, ingrédients pharmaceutiques actifs, résistance aux antimicrobiens, salon pharmaceutique, Chine

Au cours des dernières années, le domaine de la consommation a grandement évolué. Les agents de marketing ont commencé à utiliser l’Internet pour influencer les consommateurs en employant des tactiques originales et imaginatives qui ont rendus possible l’atteinte d'un niveau de communication interpersonnelle qui avait précédemment été insondable. Leurs interactions avec les consommateurs, en utilisant la technologie moderne, se manifeste sous plusieurs formes différentes qui sont toutes accompagnés de leur propre assortiment de problèmes juridiques. D’abord, il n'est pas rare pour les agents de marketing d’utiliser des outils qui leur permettent de suivre les actions des consommateurs dans le monde virtuel ainsi que dans le monde physique. Les renseignements personnels recueillis d'une telle manière sont souvent utilisés à des fins de publicité comportementale en ligne …

When two-sided platforms start their business, they face a “circularity problem”. To overcome this problem, the academic literature often advises entrepreneurs to adopt a two-stage strategy. First they are supposed to acquire clients on one side of the market. Then, they have to recruit the counterparts of these clients on the other side of the market. The aim of this article is to show that this sequential launch strategy can be sub-optimal. We propose a more efficient method which can sometimes significantly reduce the early customer acquisition costs of platform owners. Our demonstration is based on a heuristic model and the application of the “birthday paradox” to the concerns of two-sided platforms.

Keywords: Plateformes bifaces, Amorçage, Paradoxe des anniversaires, Two-sided platforms, Launch strategy, Birthday paradox, Start-up