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Keywords: innovation, authenticité, tourisme, article conceptuel

Designing a global product is complex: variations in human factors, cultural preferences, organizational patterns and production processes impact assignment complexity from design brief to product launch. Based on a longitudinal case study, this paper examines how a design-driven process enabled a multicultural distributed project team meeting high expectations and business goals. Three factors positively impacted team performance: the design-driven process that allowed for “iterative thinking”, the use of shared visual communication tools and the reflective leadership style. The case study also suggests that a design-driven process offers a peculiar context for team members to build-up cross-cultural competences on past experiences.

Keywords: global design, design-driven process, multicultural teams, global projects leadership, organizational structure, product development, design global, processus design-driven, équipes multiculturelles, leadership de projets globaux, structure organisationnelle, développement produit, diseño global, proceso impulsado por el diseño, equipos multiculturales, proyectos globales, liderazgo, estructura organizacional, desarrollo de productos

The literature from anthropology and from other disciplines which have approached tourism and cultural tourism suggests a perennial problem; these practices tend to destroy their own object. This danger is particularly acute where tourism relies upon experiences of “unspoiled” nature or “non-Westernised” culture. Tourists often degrade or even destroy the environment they are there to appreciate, and their expectations for exotic cultural experiences fail to take into consideration the lived realities of the peoples they have commodified. Folklorama, along with other ethnic festivals, is subject to similar pressures. The authors' focus upon Folklorama gives them an in-depth perspective upon the individuals and groups who participate, more than upon hierarchies, infrastructures, and governing bodies.

Markets globalization, including normalization of trade exchanges which makes it possible, require many sectors to lessen their dependence on domestic regulations. We can notice, for example, that the internationalization of medical technologies trade and the pharmaceutical industry, accompanied by the high capitalization potential that it entails, has a decisive influence on health policies in Canada and Quebec. We witness, in this case, a major redefinition of contemporary governance mechanisms. Firstly, we provide a macroeconomical description of the activities of the industry of medical technologies. Secondly, we will explain the relation between the public and the private sectors within the scope of the Quebecois health and social services system. In this way, we will find that the inherent characteristics of industry and public health systems (which are, by definition, different one from the other) bring out a management mode based on profit from an inexhaustible demand, and which define social solidarity in terms of industrial strategy. It is in the light of this finding that we conclude with a critical reading of the project Politique du médicament du Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux, which perfectly exemplifies the logic of interweaving between private and public spheres.

AbstractLiterature on small and medium sized enterprises has mostly looked at the importance of strategic planning but paid little attention until recently to strategic decision making, strategy formulation and strategy implementation processes (Ivanaj et Bayad, 2005). This paper focuses on strategy development process in SMEs, in order to evaluate the extent to which it is a constrained process, and identifies specific influencing factors. This research is an attempt to synthesize evolutionist (Nelson and Winter, 1982, 2002) and constructivist (Weick, 1995 ; Marmuse, 1999) contributions on strategy making process on the one hand and entrepreneurial literature (Hernandez, 2001) on the other hand. This research is exploratory and is based upon two instrumental case studies (Hlady Rispal, 2002) to evaluate the practical relevance of the model and to consolidate its theoretical foundation. This paper traces the dynamic and cumulative strategy formulation processes of two SMEs in the context of a system of constraints and influences reflecting our theoretical model.

Keywords: Business model, Modèle d'affaires, PME, Management stratégique, Intention stratégique, Stratégie embarquée

Coopetition combines paradoxical forces: competition and cooperation. Many previous works have examined the forces driving competitors to cooperate. Little research investigates the factors driving competition, in particular the influence of power in the case of client-supplier coopetition. To fill this gap, a longitudinal case study is being conducted in the telecom sector. It concerns the coopetition between the French operator Orange and Apple its device supplier. The study shows that supplier dominance combined with low trust fosters competition in customer-supplier coopetition.

Keywords: coopetition, customer-supplier relationship, dominant supplier, trust, procurement, coopetition, relations client, fournisseur, fournisseur dominant, confiance, achat, coopetencia, relaciones cliente-proveedor, proveedor dominante, confianza, compra

This paper seeks to investigate the relevance of stakeholder theory and resource dependency theory in the analysis of French nonprofit organizations' management in the face of the Covid-19 crisis. Through a broad survey and an operationalization of the theories through the filter of societal orientation, this article highlights the positive effects of maintaining governance arrangements on viability (as a short-term performance), a positive effect of stakeholder dependence on the adoption of societal orientation and a negative effect on viability, as well as differentiated roles according to the time horizon of societal orientation on viability.

Keywords: théorie des parties prenantes, théorie de la dépendance aux ressources, orientation sociétale, Covid-19, crise, gouvernance, France, associations, stakeholder theory, resource dependency theory, societal orientation, Covid-19, crisis, governance, France, nonprofit organizations, teoría de las partes interesadas, teoría de la dependencia de los recursos, orientación social, Covid-19, crisis, gobernanza, Francia, organizaciones sin fines de lucro

This article explores the legitimacy of a proximity mobile payment (PMP) system by exploring the social aspects related to its use (social acceptability). A qualitative study was conducted with 27 customers using a PMP service and 8 professionals familiar with PMP. Results highlighted the importance of the consumption system and service provider as institutions. More specifically, a PMP system can only be accepted and legitimized if it is supported by the three institutional pillars: cognitive, normative and regulatory. Recommendations are thus proposed to PMP service providers in order to rethink and optimize the implementation of their PMP system.

Keywords: legitimacy, proximity mobile payment, social, acceptability, Neo-Institutional Theory, légitimité, paiement mobile de proximité, social, acceptabilité, théorie néo-institutionnelle, legitimidad, pago móvil de proximidad, social, aceptabilidad, teoría neoinstitucional

This paper aims to contribute to the literature on the adaptation of the tourism sector to ongoing digitalization. It does so by examining how destination management and governance are being changed with the so-called digital transition of human societies and economies. Whereas the tourism literature tends to address this issue from a techno-centric perspective, embedding research in notions such as smartness or smart tourism destination, a more critical approach is adopted in this study. This is done by confronting existent techno-centric conceptual frameworks with empirical findings regarding the challenges encountered by public and private tourism practitioners involved in the management of the destination Brussels, Belgium. The study results highlight how the challenges posed by digitalization are far from being confined to the field of technology. Indeed, they seem deeply intertwined with structural, economical, social, and environmental issues.

Keywords: digitalisation, technologies, gouvernance, gestion, destination., digitalization, technologies, governance, management, destination

Given the low usage of public health apps during the COVID-19 pandemic and the new normal requiring coexistence with the virus, it is crucial to explore the factors likely to encourage their adoption. This article examines the determinants of future intention to use public health mobile applications associated to COVID-19 by investigating the existence of different population segments. Using latent class modeling (N=310), two groups were identified: one primarily valuing the perceived utility of the app, while perceived social pressure is the predominant factor for the other group. The findings led to the formulation of managerial and public health recommendations tailored to each group identified in this research.

Keywords: Intention d'utilisation, application mobile, santé publique, hétérogénéité, COVID-19, modèle de classes latentes, Intention of use, mobile application, public health, heterogeneity, COVID-19, latent class model, Intención de uso, aplicación móvil, salud pública, heterogeneidad, COVID-19, modelo de clase latente