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With the emergence of the digital society and the transmedia culture, educommunication begins to work for a connected school where the convergence of networks fosters a new model of interconnected learning based on interactivity, authorship, critical analysis and decision making in the face of the multiple contributions of content that come to us through cyberspace and collaborative work. By promoting the appropriation of media languages through audiovisual production and media creation in the school environment, it contributes to the development of digital wisdom and to a profound change in the meaning of training, learning and citizenship.

Keywords: educación, education, éducation, communication, communication, comunicación, culture, culture, cultura, numérique, digital, digital space

By considering sport as one of its priorities «to improve races and civilize the african peoples», the democratization of sports practices advocated with the African societies since the interwar period, and especially by France of Vichy (1940-1944), took place in a heterogeneous way. In spite of a quasi-total disagreement on the real nature of the popular sport, army training, physical education and high competition sport, all these socio-educational practices have early been re-exported by school towards the civil clubs. Access to archived data reveals that the passage of the amateurism to professionalization is link itself to the economic, political and diplomatic fields. The study suggests, according to the results and the typologies raised from the specific characteristics of each period, a rediscovery of the mode of organization of sport in Africa by the actual insertion of the practices in a logic of production for a better diffusion of the african local culture.

Keywords: educación física, physical education, éducation physique, deporte, sport, sport, cultura, culture, culture, inheritance, héritage, herencia, Afrique, Africa, Africa

Leaders nowadays are under pressure to adjust their strategies and management styles. Conventional adaptation to their community’s requirement is not enough. Leaders have to rethink their organizational structure and the related strategy to go beyond uncomfortable situations of unpredictable ambiguities and conflicts. The article introduces a concept of leadership for transformation and draft the response to the question: “Could trans-cultural leadership be a “new” approach to preparing and guiding people through organizational changes and developments at a time of global diversification and greater mobility?”

Keywords: cultura, culture, culture, proceso de creación de dirección, processus de création de sens, meaning-making process, liderazgo, leadership, leadership, trans-cultural concept, concept transculturel, concepto transcultural, dirigentes como agentes de cambio, leaders as change agents, dirigeants comme agents de changement, leadership transculturel pour le changement, trans-cultural leadership for transformation, liderazgo transcultural para el cambio

Within the context of globalisation and the formation of new continental regionalisms, a set of transformations are leading to the reformulation of identities. In North America particularly, several factors are at work, notably questions relative to the definition of modernity, to the form of cosmopolitanism, and to the inclusion of various actors formerly left in the dark (women, native peoples, etc.). Various agents, such as transnational corporations, are even active in promoting these new identities, something which emerges in the recycled advertising that they shape out of previous publicity language. The intersection of these social, economic, and political factors constitutes the problem of spaces of reference to identity and transborder definitions of identity.

During the last few years, researchers have observed the emergence of communities on websites devoted to social interaction. Anonymous is one of these communities and opinions are divided as to the true nature of this group. Some feel that they are criminal anarchists, others hold that it is a simple online community of people who share the same ideologies, and still others believe that the group represents an emerging social movement. It is difficult to give a precise picture of what the Anonymous movement is and very little knowledge is available so far about its dynamics. The main purpose of this research is to increase knowledge about the online communities who identify with Anonymous in Canada, taking into account differences between regions and subgroups. Analyzing Facebook publications on different pages that identify with Anonymous in Canada provided a sample of the types and themes of the most popular publications. The analysis shows that all subgroups are actively engaged in taking positions in social and political debates. In addition, some sub-groups call for more concrete actions to defend their opinion but, in general, calls to action are rare. In the context of Facebook communities, Anonymous's subgroups do not seem to stand out from any other communities that denounce conflicting situations in society.

Keywords: Facebook, Anonymous, communauté en ligne, activisme, sources ouvertes, Facebook, Anonymous, online communities, activism, open source, Facebook, Anonymous, comunidad en línea, activismo, fuentes abiertas

Taking into account recent policy analysis and evaluation theories which have been rarely applied international relations up till now, we attempted to construct a framework which we used to evaluate France-Quebec policies of cooperation in the field of education. Having identified the objectives of this cooperation, we verified wether these objectives were attained through the programme of integrated projects in education. Concerning the objective of creating international links it appears that it was realized when the programme was elaborated; however, the programme increases and officializes the exchanges, without that the Federal government intervenes, and leaves to the Quebec government the ability to impose its priorities. The integrated projects do not balance American influence, as it was the intention. The objectif of promotion of French language is partially realized through the publication of articles in French or the Frenchization of the bibliographies ; but the programme results in a perverse effect when French and Quebecer researchers publish jointly in English. The academic cooperation did not favorize teaching improvement of Quebecer professors, as it was an objective; however, it favorized research development. The results were partially attained, because this policy began without any study of the situation.

“I am not politically committed. What I write is true. I do not write to support an ideological political theory, a revolution, etc. I write the truth, as I feel it, without taking sides. I write things as they are. As the teller of truth, I am not sure of being committed.” When En Attendant le vote des bêtes sauvages was published, these were the words Kourouma used to justify his creative approach of putting fiction into the service of historical truth, of making it a path of access to the memory of the present, a search for the reality of the world and its beings within the fictional. The present study examines the methods Kourouma employs to rewrite history and the memory of the present in this novel.

The Rara of Léogâne, a ritual practice in Haitian communities, has been the subject of several reworkings in the course of social evolution. The events made up of music, dance and ritual procedures are organized as a group and orchestrated by leaders. It is they who first changed the image of this unique cultural practice at the first Rara Festival in 1992. The study of their communications with the media at the time of this first consolidating event, shows a cultural mediation in connection with the public, which found support on the part of all the players in social governance, the mayor's office, members of parliament and the Ministry of Culture. In his article, the author muses about the processes which have conveyed on Rara a territorial heritage of identity, and he brings to light the importance of the tourist potential latent in this event as a developmental resource in an area torn apart by repeated human confrontations and natural disasters.

My Fabulous Gay Wedding was intended from its conception to be “a hot topic, a controversial topic, a topic filled with lots of opportunity for emotional moments.” This article traces a number of contemporary discourses around same-sex marriage that are illuminated, albeit not clarified, by responses to the show, including a boycott of Canadian Tire, a purported sponsor, by a number of right-wing, anti-gay groups. However, the questions the show raises exceed the media's simplistic binary of “lesbian and gay rights” v. “religious rights” and involve interrogating what, exactly, is being represented on screen, and whether or not same-sex weddings interpellate lesbian and gay couples into a form of heteronormativity.