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Studying the responsiveness of the local population to issues of public and territorial administration is a complex task which, because of its sensitivity and political importance, not only must be done in strict compliance with the regulations in force, but also requires the adoption of a method duly elaborated with relevant assessment instruments that take into account the historical anchorage and socio-economic issues of the sites. The purpose of the survey was to collect information on how the Smart City project in Rabat addresses issues related to citizen participation as well as the nature of new configurations that territorial management can take with the democratization of the use of ICTs. The article presents the bases and modalities of this investigation.

Keywords: Rabat, Rabat, Rabat, smart city, ville intelligente, ciudad inteligente, participación ciudadana, citizen participation, participation citoyenne, méthode, método, method

Foundations so essential as the ethics, citizenship, intercultural relationship contribute to education from the youngest age. The new answer to the challenge to transmit these principles and these values consists in associating active young peer-educators within diverse associations with the co-construction of concrete actions in terms of environmental protection, ecocitizenship, protection and promotion of material and immaterial heritages, before opening more widely to all the young people. The text which follows depicts this dynamics established within the framework of an experiment of co-construction of Algerian-French training projects carried by the association of the community centers of the districts of Bordeaux and the Health Sidi El Houari association of Oran.

Keywords: co-construcción de proyectos de formación, co-construction de projets de formation, co-construction of training projects, youth, jeunesse, juventud, éthique, ethics, ética, France-Algeria relationship, relations France-Algérie, relatábamos Francia-Argelia

Keywords: Traumatisme, Charef Mehdi, Exil, Ostracisme, Représailles, Charef Mehdi

This museological research on the Musée Huron-Wendat explores the issues surrounding the indigenous governance of a museum institution. It examines how the culture and identity of the Huron-Wendat Nation and its identity is represented at the museum, and how visitors understand and interact with it. The article aims to fill in the gaps in the research on First Nations museums in Quebec, which until now have received little attention from scholars. It includes a presentation of the museum itself, which will be followed by the results of a fieldwork study at the institution that aimed at understanding what are the representation practices of Wendat heritage within their museum, and how the community as well as public interact with those.

AbstractAfter many years of silence, the Algerian War (1954-1962) is presently gaining more and more political importance, thus confronting France with its responsibilities during the fight for sovereignty that once opposed it to Algerian nationalism. During its 8 years, every stage of a « dirty war » was attained : disinformation, propaganda, murder, torture, collective massacres, etc., as one can read in historical and literary works. However, while several authors have been inspired by this historical period, very few have made it the main subject of all their writing.The analysis concentrates on Azzedine Bounemeur – the Algerian author most devoted to the cause of the Algerian war – who, apart from fiction, presents a chronological and highly epic history of Algerian nationalism.

The amount of the erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase is a good indicator of professional exposure to organophosphorus and carbamates pesticides. The study related to 103 agreeing people, including 91% of men with an age of 43 ± 16 years and a body weight of 65 ± 17 kg; and 9% of women with an age 38 ± 15 years and a body weight of 67 ± 21 kg. All these people are implied in pesticide application in year 2006 in 4 of the countries of Niger where the problem of the acridians arises with more acuity. The clinical examination and the anamnestic investigations carried out into the participants in this study, revealed neither of serious clinical antecedents, nor of case poisonings to the pesticides. The Test-Mate ChE, based on a photometric system, was used to measure the acetylcholinesterase activities in the erythrocytes after an exposure to these pesticides. The average cholinesterasemy of pre-exposure of the 103 people is of 3.63 ± 0.61 U/ml, with 3.57 ± 0.53 U/ml for the men and 3.48 ± 0.44 U/ml for the women, this difference is not significant. After the exposure to organophosphorus, a low reduction of the cholinesterasemy of the 103 people was observed compared to their pre-exposure (baseline) measurements of AChE, it was of 3.21 ± 0.17 U/ml; with 3.48 ± 0.44 U/ml for the women and 3.57 ± 0.53 U/ml for the men. Seventeen people (16.50%) of 103 showed a hypocholinesterasemy, because their inhibition rate varied from 31% to 36%. The reduction of the enzymatic activity in the bodies of some of the applicators (9 people) largely exceeded the biological threshold recommended by the World Health Organization which is 30%, but no cholinergic syndrome was detected.

Keywords: acétylcholinestérase érythrocytaires, indicateur biologique, pesticides organophosphorés, exposition, milieu rural, Niger, eythrocyte acetylcholinesterase, biological indicator, organophosphorus pesticides, exposure, rural environment, Niger

This article reports on the use of the WhatsApp social network in a context marked by the COVID-19 pandemic. In the face of the challenge of pedagogical continuity, it seeks to verify whether this application has ensured online teaching and learning during the closure of schools. The digital traces to be analyzed were collected from two WhatsApp groups, one from the Jean-Paul II International University, and the other from the Royal Baboutcha-Nintcheu University Institute, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants. The content analysis that we applied to this data reveals WhatsApp as a remote learning device that facilitates the completion of educational tasks. Moreover, this health crisis reflects the organizational, structural and technological deficits that still characterize our universities; hence the urgency to rethink schools in the digital age.

Keywords: COVID-19, communauté virtuelle, coronavirus, échanges, WhatsApp, COVID-19, virtual community, coronavirus, exchanges, WhatsApp