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In Lenten Stuffe, “praise” emerges as a red herring diverting readers from recognizing how Thomas Nashe telescopes his chorography of Yarmouth into a catalogue of arbitrary Crown rule from William the Conqueror’s rule through the English Reformation. So too is Nashe’s apology for contributing to the seditious play, Ile of Dogs. Historical circumstances surrounding the Swan Theatre and a stolen diamond complicate conventional readings of this incident, Nashe’s exile, and subsequently, the sincerity of Nashe’s encomium. Lastly, this essay examines Nashe’s projection of the Butcher and Fishmonger’s debate surrounding the arbitrariness of Lenten laws from Erasmus’s colloquy “A Fish Diet” into the red herring’s fictional ascent to human and divine monarchy. Erasmus’s joke in “Fish Diet” is at the expense of the Fishmonger, but Nashe elides his geographical and political targets to generate a subtext of outrage directed at Crown rule and English Reform.

The Faroese grindadráp is a centuries-old, dramatic spectacle in which an entire pod of pilot whales is slaughtered en masse in a blood-soaked harbour, followed by the distribution of whale meat and blubber to participating villagers. For many Faroese, grindadráp is an embodiment of nationalism, achieved through the primordialization of tradition and the securitization of a beloved food source. For many outsiders, particularly since aggressive anti-whaling campaigns have besmirched the Faroese reputation in the international gaze, grindadráp amounts to a barbarous anachronism intolerable in modern society. This study takes a multivocal digital ethnographic approach to explore how politics, economics, and ethics of grindadráp are understood through social media debates, institutional rhetoric, and an interview. It considers how essentializing discourses of tradition and modernity are framed, their implications for collective action, and some potentialities that are revealed through a shift in perspective from barbaric ritual to dynamic economic practice.

The following reflection proposes to shift the perspective on literary matters by reexamining the question of the ontology of literature based on the materiality of the text (its technical, media, and editorial arrangements). The identification of the phenomenon of literature, an ongoing issue in literature over the ages (up to digital literature), raises questions about the realities of a number of categories (readable, visible, audible) and systems of antinomy (substance/form, matter/meaning), opening up a much wider discussion of matter in the world. By studying a number of intellectual approaches that investigate porosities between medium and inscription (the theories of media studies and the new materialism) and a number of creations that enhance the medial part of the text (Balzac’s Physiologie du mariage, Mallarmé’s Un Coup de dés jamais n’abolira le hasard and Carson’s Nox), the article seeks to dismantle the essence of the phenomenon of literature into a diversity of agencies and a multitude of plastic practices.

The individualized education plan is a pedagogical tool designed to support the educational progress of pupils with difficulties. To be relevant, the implementation of the intervention plan must involve the parents. The objective of this paper is to compare the forms of parental involvement with primary school pupils with and without an intervention plan. A comparative quantitative and qualitative analysis is carried out on the dimensions of parental involvement and parents’ perceptions of the school-family-community relationship with 108 parents. The results indicate that the intervention plan does not bring significant differences in the forms of parental implication.

Keywords: plan d’intervention, individualized education plan, implication parentale, parental involvement, méthode mixte, mixed method, communication parent-enseignant, parent-teacher communication, élève en difficulté, pupil with difficulties

This article reviews recent government incursions on questions of free speech at universities and colleges in Ontario and Alberta and presents the challenge they pose to university autonomy. Inherent in university autonomy is the possibility—or the obligation—that universities make decisions based on ethical responsibilities that can extend beyond the limits of current law. As a case study of university autonomy in matters of expressive freedom, I highlight events at the University of British Columbia, which leads me to a discussion of how questions of ethical responsibility have been raised particularly in relation to the speech protection of transgender members of the university. A central issue is the need for universities to adjudicate when free speech rights meet related responsibilities with which they can conflict. I detail how, for instance, the invitation of some anti-trans speakers can pose such a conflict and should lead university communities to consider adjusting their responses in extreme cases so as to be able to more autonomously regulate hateful speech beyond applicable law.

Keywords: academic freedom, liberté universitaire, Canadian universities, universités canadiennes, dignitary safety, sécurité des dignitaires, freedom of expression, liberté d’expression, trans rights, droits des transgenres

Keywords: atelier d'écriture, corps, médical, déport, détour, jeu, procréation médicalement assistée, voix

Newly introduced into French law, the legal concept of raison d'être is defined in article 1835 of the Civil Code as [translation]“made up of the principles with which the company is endowed and for the respect of which it intends to allocate resources in carrying out its operations.” The aim would be to revisit the company's purpose, to fight against its “financialization,” to overcome doubts about its corporate social responsibility and to attract talent. Almost one year after the enactment of the PACTE Law on May 22, 2019, more than a hundred large companies have chosen to give themselves a raison d'être. However, many players in the economic world relate it to its equivalent in management sciences. In practice, this confusion explains the abundance of hollow and descriptive stipulations. For this reason, and for purposes of clarification, this article proposes a legal definition of this new concept as well as an overview of its regime.