Search Results

Background: There are no CanMEDS-FM-based milestone tool to guide feedback during direct observation (DO). We have developed a guide to support documentation of feedback for direct observation (DO) in Canadian family medicine (FP) programs. Methods: The Guide was designed in three phases with the collaboration of five Canadian FP programs with at least a French-speaking teaching site: 1) literature review and needs study; 2) development of the SPOD Feedback Guide; 3) testing the Guide in a video simulation context with qualitative content analysis. Results: Phase 1 demonstrated the need for a narrative guide aimed at 1) specifying mutual expectations according to the resident's level of training and the clinical context, 2) providing the supervisor with tools and structure in his observations 3) to facilitate documentation of feedback. Phase 2 made it possible to develop the Guide, in paper and electronic formats, meeting the needs identified. In phase 3, 15 supervisors used the guide for three levels of residence. The Guide was adjusted following this testing to recall the phases of the clinical encounter that were often forgotten during feedback (before consultation, diagnosis and follow-up), and to suggest types of formulation to be favored (stimulating questions). , questions of clarification, reflections). Conclusion: Based on evidence and a collaborative approach, this Guide will equip French-speaking Canadian supervisors performing SPOD in family medicine.

After approximately a decade of management, it was found that actors still face difficulties in assessing the real impact of Bamboung protected area in the Saloum Delta. Based on the perceptions of local people and visitors, this study was a way to assess the environmental conditions, fisheries and ecotourism issues of Bamboung protected area. The bioecological effects are the improvement of environmental quality considered as good by local people and visitors. Related to fisheries, their effects are considered benefit by fishermen. The positive consequences of the environmental preservation are the attraction of the visitors and financial benefits. Moreover, the financial benefits from ecotourism help to ensure the financial autonomy of the MPA management. But commercial opportunities for local products, ecotourism diversification and employment are less than the expectations. It is clear that the benefits are compatible because the protection of marine ecosystems and the improvement of environmental quality have positive impact on fishing and ecotourism. Meanwhile, it was also demonstrated that the degrees of perceptions and issues of social acceptability of actions taken vary between different socio-economic actors. Indeed, fishermen are not satisfied with the establishment of the MPA. Each category, of socio-economic actors, tends to favor the choice of his activity. Also various threats and expectations have been raised by local people. This divergence of views on the issues and alternatives is the main cause of social conflict. Under these conditions, any strategy for sustainable management should go through a reorganization of the system of local management, a better distribution of financial resources and diversification of recreational activities.

Keywords: Aire marine protégée, perceptions, enjeux, intérêts, environnement, pêche, écotourisme, gestion, Afrique, Sénégal, marine protected area, perceptions, issues, interests, environment, fishing, ecotourism, management

Employer-employee relations in the Federal Public Service of Canada entered a new era with the proclamation on March 13, 1967, of three Acts— The Public Service Staff Relations Act ; The Public Service Employment Act ; and anAct to Amend the Financial Administration Act. The employees have been guaranteed the right to organize, the right to bargain, the right to strike and the right to get grievances adjudicated by an independent tribunal. The statutory right to grieve and get the grievances adjudicated have provided to the federal public employees a sense of justice and « fairplay ». The adjudication system has made the private sector of industrial jurisprudence applicable to the federal public services with a remarkable success. This article deals with the function and operation of the statutory Grievance Process and Adjudication.

A series of recent legal and policy developments in Canada have potential to contribute to reconciliation efforts, particularly related to the overrepresentation of Indigenous children in child welfare systems. However, systematic collection, analysis, and synthesis of research knowledge—particularly, research that is locally grounded—on Indigenous child welfare involvement is notably missing from these efforts. With the aim of collating existing research knowledge on this topic, this scoping review of literature includes a broad swath of literature spanning decades (1973-2018) and countries with similar settler colonial histories (Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand). Our search yielded 881 unique research publications. There was an increase in the number of publications over time in all four countries and a trend toward more empirical literature than non-empirical literature. We found that a plurality of publications focused on programs and services (n = 191), and policy or legal (n = 168) themes. While our review highlights a large base of literature on Indigenous child welfare involvement, it also illustrates the limits of the academic literature in representing the knowledge and experience of Indigenous Peoples and the need for more comprehensive synthesis and broader dissemination of the research related to Indigenous child welfare. These limitations restrict the extent to which existing research can inform the meaningful development of Indigenous child welfare policy in Canada. Due to these gaps, we advocate sustained investment in efforts to synthesize diverse sources of knowledge, support for open source publications, and structural support for Indigenous control of knowledge collection and dissemination regarding policy development related to their communities.

Keywords: Child welfare research, settler colonial history, overrepresentation, epistemology, Canada, United States, New Zealand, Australia, Child welfare system

ABSTRACTPostglacial paleophytogeography and paleoclimates in the western part of the Lower Saint Lawrence River region, Québec. Pollen analysis of the sediments of four lakes in the Lower Saint Lawrence River region, north of Maine, shows that tundra vegetation existed during an estimated period of 500 to 1000 years following ice retreat. Progressive development of the tundra from a quasi-desert to a shrub stage with dwarf birch, through an herb stage rich in arctic-alpine taxa is confirmed by macrofossil analysis. Organic sedimentation in the lakes started only around 9500-9200 BP, that is to say more than 2000 years after ice retreat, and is coincident with the arrival of the first trees (macrofossils) in the area. The regional late-glacial climate was thus apparently very harsh, compared to the Appalachian regions located to the south and southwest. Black spruce, the poplars, larch and white birch comprised the forests which remained open until around 8000 BP. The corresponding pollen zone is dominated by green alder which played a major role in the plant cover during a period characterized by a great incidence of fire. Afterwards, the modern vegetation developed, corresponding to a mosaic of fir and maple communities with physiographic sequences and regional phytogeographic gradients similar to those present today within this section of the Appalachian range. Eastern white cedar, which nowadays occupies the wet or boggy sites of the estuarine lowlands and of the northern margin of the Appalachian plateau, whether in pure stands or with balsam fir, began to increase by 3600 BP. The Holocene Climatic Optimum is clearly marked in the study area only by a greater abundance of white pine, especially at the northern margin of the Appalachian plateau between 7000 abd 3600 BP.