Search Results

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate the main determinants of female labour force participation in Morocco. A comparative approach is used, over time to analyse the evolution during the past decade, and in space to take into account the consequences of urbanisation. The findings reveal that the general process of modernisation under way in Morocco has not yet led to greater participation of women in the labour market. Nevertheless, the results also suggest that the stability of female labour force participation observed in this Maghrebian country could be considered an indispensable step in their emancipation from degrading activities in an outdated system of production, rather than as a « lost opportunity » in the process of improvement of women's status.

Preliminary examinations are an important part of the criminal procedure of the International Criminal Court, as they allow for the determination of the situations that will be investigated and prosecuted. They are conducted discreetly by the Office of the Prosecutor. The Prosecutor may initiate preliminary examinations on her own initiative or on the basis of a referral from a State party or the United Nations Security Council. Preliminary examinations deal with a situation and lead, after the test of jurisdiction, admissibility and the interests of Justice, on a decision of the Prosecutor on whether or not to open an investigation. Depending on the type of referral and the nature of its decision, the Prosecutor will be compelled or not to seek the pre-trial Chamber's authorization before proceeding with the investigation. The Pre-Trial Chamber exercises two types of control over the Prosecutor's decision: absolute control when the Prosecutor decides to proceed to the investigative stage on her own initiative or refuses to investigate because the interests of justice would not be served, and flexible control when the Prosecutor decides not to investigate after a referral. The Office of the Prosecutor is faced with difficult choices and criticism in the way it conducts preliminary examinations, particularly in relation to their duration, their publicization, their role, their control and their treatment.

This paper will question methods, theories and analysis categories which participate to the description and the interpretation of newspapers pictures about french presidential campaigns (2007 and 2012). How can pictures of french newspapers be tools for explain, understand and discuss about the republic presidential choice. Regarding theoretical and methodologic plans, social-constructivist, linguistic, phenomenological, social cognitive, semiological, psycho-social-cognitives approaches are relevant to give scientific and rational narration of media discourse about french presidential campaigns.

Keywords: Campagnes présidentielles, Images, Interprétation, Méthodes, Signification, Théories, Interpretation, Methods, pictures, Presidential campaign, Signification, Theories

Our article aims to examine the relationship between social ties, collective initiatives and conflictual processes from two perspectives. First, we consider the relational dimension of collective initiatives, looking at three concepts that can help us better understand the processes leading to the formation, reproduction and transformation of social ties. We then consider the role that collective initiatives can play in the context of social conflicts, namely to complement the emphasis placed on cooperation in a number of works on these initiatives. We examine these two perspectives by analyzing the mobilizations against gentrification observed between 2019 and 2022 in the Montreal neighbourhood of Parc-Extension, using ethnographic research conducted during this period with the Parc-Extension Action Committee (CAPE). Our analysis leads us to argue that collective initiatives can contribute to social reproduction in a given environment, respond to collective needs and aspirations, and increase the capacity for popular intervention in the context of conflictual processes that aim, among other things, to destabilize economic and political elites and achieve concessions.

Keywords: liens sociaux, conflits, initiatives collectives, gentrification, ethnographie, Parc-Extension, social ties, conflicts, collective initiatives, gentrification, ethnography, Parc-Extension

AbstractWhile the role of various individual and collective agents were indeed pivotal, the institutionalization of criminology as an autonomous discipline in Quebec cannot be understood without embracing the important transformations that occurred in both intellectual and socio-political circles of the last century. The emergence of this discipline took place within an expansive context marked by the differentation of social sciences in the province, fundamental state reforms, and changes within the socio-penal sphere. This article is divided is two parts. In the first part, the emergence of criminology as a separate and specialized field during the 1940s and 1950s is analyzed. The second part pursues the institutionalization process into the 1960s and 1970s and highlights the development of the University of Montreal's Department of criminology and, in its later form, the School of criminology.

SummaryFaced with a paucity of past trend data on levels of voluntary association activity in Quebec and English Canada, we suggest that an estimation procedure be applied to these trends. The estimation technique involves comparisons of responses to questions asking respondents about their experiences at a particular stage in their life — during the school years. Data are available from a large sample survey where adults of all ages were asked such questions in the late 1990s. By comparing the reports on youth experiences from different age cohorts we are able to “reach back” in time to secure information covering several decades into the past. The results, for both Quebec and English Canada, are opposite to the thesis that voluntary association activity has been on the decline in North America since the 1960s. The only exception to this is religious group involvement.