Documents found
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21131.More information
The Montreal biopharmaceutical cluster is now internationally well-known. To describe its organization, four strategic territorial dynamics are conceptualized and analyzed : the knowledge capitalization, costs optimization, competition-cooperation and governance dynamics. A survey of 45 firms reveals that those territorial dynamics result from five strategic drivers activated by four types of enterprises (pharmaceutical enterprises, contract research organization, “networked” biotechnology firms and “start-up” biotechnology firms) whose organizational anchorages take part into the performing Montreal biopharmaceutical territorial construction.
Keywords: Grappe industrielle, Dynamiques territoriales, Système industriel de création de valeur, Ressources, Bio-industrie, Biotechnologie, Biopharmaceutique
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21132.More information
This paper empirically analyzes and evaluates the effect of the consequences linked to the existence of Central Africa's countries national borders on its internal trade. From the pseudo-maximum likelihood method, we estimate a theoretically grounded gravity equation. Ceteris paribus, on average from 1995 to 2010 in Central Africa, our results show that the bad quality of bilateral infrastructure, the small size of nations and wealth differences between pairs of countries, linked to the existence of national borders, reduce the bilateral trade respectively by 15%, 26% and 19%. They also show that these factors account for part of the level of border effect mentioned in the literature. These results are robust to the type of sector concerned, to diversification, to exchange rate volatility, to armed conflict and the change of distance measure.
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21133.More information
This article is intended to support organizations that contribute to the development of recognition of prior learning (RPL) to promote access to regulated professions where there is a shortage. It uses the teaching profession in Quebec as an example. The method is a review of the literature on university RPL published between 2005 and 2021, in nine databases and in the work of organizations active in RPL empirical research. The content analysis framework focuses on the functions and phases of the RPL process in universities, particularly of learning realized in non-formal or informal contexts. The review confirms that this type of recognition can be complex to achieve and that its implementation relies on continuous efforts to allow for a progressive adhesion of the personnel involved and a coherent institutional message. The article suggests avenues for action and research to create favourable conditions for RPL.
Keywords: Reconnaissance des acquis, Recognition of prior learning, université, university, profession réglementée, regulated profession, enseignement, teaching, recension des écrits, literature review
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21134.More information
This article takes a critical look at the incongruities and inconsistencies of the defence of duress in Canadian criminal law. The authors raise the difficulties related to the current state of fragmentation of that defence as well as its detrimental impact on the equal treatment of persons accused of some crimes. The conclusion that emerges is that the defence of duress should be standardised on the entire Canadian territory and harmonised with the international law in order to enable all those who break the law due to lack of realistic choice to involute that defence. Finally, in light of the current state of the law on the defence of duress following the judgement recently rendered by the Supreme Court of Canada in R v Ryan, the authors suggest an inclusive provision that should replace the current section 17 of the Criminal Code.
Keywords: Contrainte morale, défense statutaire, défense de common law, droit comparé, droit international, harmonisation, Duress, statutory defence, common law defence, comparative law, international law, harmonisation
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21135.More information
In this article, we focus on the challenges arising from guilty pleas negotiated by corporations and recorded in Canadian criminal courts. We begin with the decision relating to the guilty plea that occurred in December 2019 between the Canadian public prosecutor (the Crown) and the Montréal-based engineering company SNC-Lavalin Construction inc., a subsidiary of the group of companies SNC-Lavalin Group inc. To this end, the text dwells on the circumstances surrounding the guilty plea entered by this subsidiary to resolve the criminal case against the engineering firm, and the negative consequences that could result from it. Issues arising from guilty pleas involving corporations more generally are also examined.
Keywords: Plaidoyer de culpabilité, criminalité économique, responsabilité pénale des entreprises, droit pénal canadien, SNC-Lavalin, entente sur le plaidoyer, accord de réparation, Guilty plea, financial crime, corporate crime, Canadian criminal law, SNC-Lavalin, plea agreement, remediation agreement
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21136.More information
This article takes a look at the impact of social thresholds on the growth ambition and behaviour of French SME entrepreneurs. Employer organisations believe that these thresholds, in particular that of the 50 employees, are a hindrance to the entrepreneurs' growth ambition and largely explain the shortage of Mid-Cap companies on the French territory. So far, the issue of threshold effects and their impact on growth have not as yet been a focus of research. A qualitative study is underway to scrutinise the impact of the 50-employee threshold on the entrepreneurs' intentions and behaviour. The initial description stage focuses on identifying the intentions and types of behaviour adopted and anticipated with regard to the thresholds. Subsequently, as part of an analytical approach, the factors inhibiting and facilitating the crossing of thresholds will be examined.
Keywords: PME, Seuils sociaux, Croissance, Dirigeant, Intention de croissance, Comportement, Appropriation de la croissance, SME, Social thresholds, Growth, Entrepreneur, Growth intention, Behaviour, Growth appropriation, PyME, Umbrales, Crecimiento, Dirigente, Intención de crecimiento, Comportamiento, Apropiación de crecimiento
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21139.More information
The COVID-19 pandemic prompted various public health measures, including the closure of social venues, physical distancing requirements, and general curfews. These social restrictions posed specific challenges for young gay and bisexual men, a group historically vulnerable to mental health problems and social isolation. This article is based on a study designed to understand the impact of pandemicrelated public health measures on the social and sexual relationships of young gay and bisexual men aged 18 to 26. Employing a qualitative descriptive interpretive design, the underlying study involved semi-structured interviews with 14 individuals living in Montreal. Thematic analysis revealed three themes regarding the impact of COVID-19 measures on the social and sexual lives of research participants: (1) social erosion as a marker of increasing loneliness, (2) a collective sense of injustice in a population that feltit was disproportionately burdened by often infantilizing public health measures, and (3) continued social activities despite pandemic-related fears. The results highlight the suffering and feelings of injustice experienced by young gay and bisexual men due to severe constraints on social interaction and, by extension, the loss of a spontaneoussexual life. The article includesrecommendations for improvement and further research on how Quebec-based community organizations can better support young gay and bisexual men.
Keywords: COVID-19, COVID-19, gai, gay, mental health, santé mentale, social life, vie sociale, Montréal, Montreal
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21140.More information
This study presents a review of the scientific literature concerning the professional ethics needs of teachers, specifically elementary school teachers in Quebec. Based on the “Quebec” conceptual framework of professional ethics for teachers and an appropriate and presented review methodology, we identify 61 academic writings, published between 2003 and 2021, that discuss these needs (i.e., the resources that teachers lack to respect a desirable professional ethics). The first part of this article presents the results of this review. The second part discusses the difficulty of developing an adequate conceptual framework to analyze the diversity and specific details of the identified needs.
Keywords: Éthique professionnelle enseignante, Professional teaching ethics, literature review, Recension des écrits, professionalism, Professionnalité, Insertion professionnelle, professional insertion, Besoins de soutien, support needs