Documents found
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471.More information
First, this text presents the theoretical basis of managerialism and New Public Management and then goes beyond these discourses to examine the Quebec reform, its instruments and processes, in terms of the impact they had on democratic governance. Analysis rests on two studies conducted since the launch of the reform in 2003, the first one based on discourse analysis of reform documentation and instrumentation with a critical perspective, the second was composed of biographical interviews with public managers, bridging their experience with the issue of public service ethos.
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475.More information
AbstractThe author analyses the changing relationship between local political authorities and community groups. Given the implementation of contractual relations in the 1980s and the space given to local community actors in that context, he asks whether there has been a transformation in the content of social action at the local level. To do so, he analyses the links between associations and local authorities, and the nature of their exchanges. He is then able to pose larger questions about the role of such associations in the overall evolution of democracy, in particular with respect to ideas such as opposition and intermediation.
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476.More information
The public authorities, at least in Europe and in particular in France, appear to prefer that private activities take place within a framework of co-regulation and inter-operative norms, and therefore of cooperation between sources of law, rather than in a framework of self-regulation and of multiple norms. This is why they tend to encourage co-regulation and, consequently, inter-operative standards. As a result, some of the processes used to produce law have evolved, and co-regulation may constitute an interesting focus of study for legal methodology. Taking the example of Internet law, this article attempts to provide a more effective description of the issues and responses offered by authors and institutions, particularly in France.
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478.More information
AbstractThis article invites its readers to view education policies as enterprises for institutional change. The cognitive approach adopted leads us to place legitimating at the core of the institutional change process. The analysis is based on the study of the combat against grade repetition in French-speaking Belgium. This issue, which ended in relative failure, illustrates the limits and the complexity of any political enterprise for institutional transformation in education. While the reform is founded on pedagogical and economic expertise to legitimate the abandon of grade repetition, the fieldwork reveals that institutional change does not automatically follow the perception of dysfunctions but requires the approval of local educational players as the actual change takes place in school and in class. For this reason the study highlights the importance, both theoretical and practical, of the institutional framework of grade repetition, a framework that undermines the pragmatic legitimacy of reform in the field.
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479.More information
Over the past 40 years, demands for greater participation, transparency and the dissemination of the principle of sustainable development have transformed the areas of environment, land-use planning and urban planning. Over the decades, various types of public participation mechanisms have emerged in these sectors that helped democratize the rulers / governed report and the relationship between public authorities and civil society. Starting from a grid analysis based on two dimensions—opening / closing and antagonist / consensus—this article analyses the different public participation mechanisms at work in these two areas. Analysis tends to demonstrate that during the last forty years the number of participatory mechanisms has increased. Moreover, devices oriented towards the search for consensus and conflict resolution were gradually added to the traditional participatory mechanisms that allowed for the voicing of concerns and oppositions. Currently, these two broad categories of participatory tools coexist and can at times appear complementary and at others contradictory.
Keywords: Participation publique, environnement, aménagement du territoire, urbanisme, Public participation, environment, land-use planning, urban planning, Participación pública, medio ambiente, planificación territorial, urbanismo