Documents found
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691.More information
The article examines how the French territorial reforms of 2014 and 2015, which strengthened the Metropolises, are accompanied by a discursive repositioning of municipal institutional publications. The analysis of municipal newspaper editorials highlights the emergence of three municipal communication strategies. Whether they are "defensive and protective", "entrepreneurial" or "appropriative" , these strategy trends serve the legitimacy and normalization of the municipal political capacity to act, which is undermined by the government emergence of Metropolises and lead to a communicational disharmony on metropolitan territory.
Keywords: collectivités territoriales, métropolisaion, métropoles, décentralisation, positionnement, local authorities, metropolisation, metropolises, decentralization, positioning
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693.More information
ABSTRACTThe object of this paper is the relationship between public expenditures on university education and subsequent public benefits arising from an extended fiscal base. Fiscal rates of return corresponding to a doubling of fees are computed for Quebec.
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694.More information
This paper proposes a complementary approach to the existing works on the history of water policies in the West of the USA. We defend the idea that the history of Western Water is not fully explained by the hegemony of elites, nor is it the result of the conflicts between local populations and political power. Instead, we offer that water policies in the West are shaped by the interaction of a complex institutional architecture, as well as by the profile of the dominant actors in these institutions. Water policy history is extremely linked to the history of the USA's State. The reconstruction of that history has been possible by using multiple sources (literature review, grey literature, main actors' personal records, etc.). We also used data coming from the interviews with the actors, ancients and contemporary, from the many public and private institutions that are involved in water management in the USA.
Keywords: politiques hydriques, États-Unis, élites, institutions, état, water policies, USA, elites, institutions, state
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695.More information
The economic globalization process witnessed during the past decade and, therefore, the increased level of interdependence between this planet's nations resulted in a period of profound transformations representing not only risks but also providing opportunities. Despite the collapse of broad political projects (socialism and anti-colonialism) and even though the neo-conservative globalization initiatives indisputably represent a strong and lasting trend, the balance of power has not irremediably shifted in favor of the globalization agenda. The international economic situation remains uncertain and unstable. In such a context, social movements can take advantage of a social and political landscape that changed considerably since the heyday of the Cold War, becoming far less polarized. As demonstrated by the mobilization of international non-governmental organizations (INGO) during numerous summits and conferences held by the UN (Rio, Beijing and Copenhagen) or by the strong participation observed at world-wide forums, civil society's voices are being heard again on the international scene. This article highlights the central themes of this new situation in which social movements, after being placed on the defensive for a long period, now reclaim an active role.
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700.More information
Why is it so difficult to solve the problem of fiscal imbalance in the Canadian federation? This essay presents two solutions to fiscal imbalance: on the one hand, the neo-liberal view proposes to reduce taxes and the presence of the federal state to maximize provincial autonomy; on the other hand, the social democratic view conditionally increases intergovernmental transfers to reduce inequalities among provinces. However, political and institutional constraints prevent governments from making the institutional changes necessary to solve the fiscal imbalance in either way. Using theoretical perspectives from comparative political economy, this article highlights the causes of the failures of Canadian fiscal federalism.
Keywords: déséquilibre fiscal, fédéralisme, Canada, opinion publique, institutions, vertical fiscal imbalance, federalism, Canada, public opinion, institutions