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The purpose of this article is to discuss the impacts of structural violence and its effects on Indigenous Peoples using Aboriginal People – The Indigenous Peoples of Canada, and the Canadian education system as the context for discussion. Due to the root causes of conflict and the nature of violence in Aboriginal contexts being structural, working towards positive peace based on a concept of human security is the best approach to managing Aboriginal youth violence. This approach is conducive to building a culture of peace which is consistent with Indigenous traditions. Alternative methods of formal education should be considered in Aboriginal / Indigenous contexts. These methods should be grounded in the traditions of local Indigenous groups providing a safe space for rediscovery and identity negotiation between tradition and contemporary society. The ability for Indigenous peoples to further their formal education has a profound impact on long term peace building activities. The link between education, poverty, and violence must be of primary consideration when designing peace building activities where Indigenous Peoples are involved.

Keywords: Aboriginal youth, Structural violence, Poverty, Human security, Alternative education, Transformation, Peace building activities

At the end of the Middle Ages, the manner in which the courts of justice punished rapists clearly shows how seriously such crimes were judged at that time. Endeavoring to increase their juristic power and worrying that the propagation of rape would corrupt the entire society and threaten its survival, impelled the judges and their officials —princes, bishops, and municipal bodies — to deal with all complaints and to initiate inquiries about them. A study of the progressive steps undertaken in the preliminary investigations of these cases reveals that after an inquiry into the accuser's reputation, the judges demanded numerous proofs from the victim about the rape. Moreover, a clinical examination was demanded from a midwife. Thus, in addition to the scientific proof and the witness's statements, the investigators were able to arrive at a better assessment of the rapist. The rapist, in turn, under the distressful solitude in his cell where he had been incarcerated by the police as soon as the complaint was made, finally admitted to the crime and renounced having degraded and defamed his accuser, ft was then up to the court to punish the offender. These offenders were treated severely, particularly if they had attacked moral and social values by deflowering children and virgins.

AbstractThis article reports on the perceptions of young people and a comparison between the values of “generation Y” students in initial teacher training programs and those of their mother and father in their role as parent or spouse. Subjects responded to a questionnaire of value opinions in five areas including family, school and work, friendship, politics, and religion. The results showed a similarity and a continuity in the values held by young people and their parents. The divergences in values between the two parents as spouses suggested differences linked to gender. The results support the complexity of this theme and the pertinence of investigations in initial teacher training contexts.

AbstractIn the popular imaginary, Tijuana, Mexico is notorious for its liberal laws concerning prostitution, gambling, and narcotics. Conversely, Niagara Falls, Canada apparently offers visitors only wholesome attractions. Yet this sweeping generalization belies the historic parallels that exist between these iconic border towns. In Hollywood films, both Tijuana and Niagara Falls figure as liminal locations of crossing and collision, as well as permissive zones defined by sex, tourism, and consumption. This essay explores the intertwined cultural arenas of film and tourism by analyzing cinematic representations of Tijuana and Niagara Falls as cross-border tourist destinations. By examining how cinematic representations of these urbanized border regions have changed over time, I demonstrate how Hollywood, as a hegemonic culture industry, responded to the United States' evolving relationships with its northern and southern neighbors. This study offers a hemispheric and comparative approach to the study of urban borders, tourism, and visual culture.

AbstractThree times over the last century the border situation of Hull between Ontario and Quebec has led to an abnormally large concentration of bars in some areas of the town and hence a shift in social trends (festive and “criminal” or at least underground) which local officials consider intolerable. This paper provides an historical and geographical interpretation of these three cycles of urban order and disorder. Acquainted with recent theoretical projections regarding the location, the author interprets Hull's festive locations as the result of a series of converging processes, as a mediator of social relations and as the focus of representations that played a role in the dynamics of this energetic location. By aligning his analysis within the framework of a border geography, he highlights the unique features of this border town that brings together French-speaking Quebecers and English-speaking Ontarians, who historically have had distinct cultural attitudes towards drinking in bars.

Keywords: frontière Ontario-Québec, ville frontalière, Hull, XXe siècle, ordre et désordre urbain, problématique du lieu, alcool, Border town, Hull, century, urban order and disorder, place, alcohol

Street gangs captivate media attention. How can we distiguish such gangs from other types of youth formations? The present article proposes to examine the marginal status of certain groups of youth, focusing on the relation to violence in the practical identities of these youth. The ambiguity surrounding notions of "youth" and "young person" underlines the relative and liminal — indeed the margina — character of these social categories. On the one hand, the youth etiquette that characterizes them holds less and less to the reality of these groups as their leaders age. On the other hand, the groups are better and better organized for crime, as the improvised element of their criminality has always been one of their distinctive traits. It is also important to distinguish the levels of membership in such groups, when it becomes a question of guiding our interventions.

Some people with mental illnesses are also homeless, addicted to drugs or involved in prostitution, especially in urban areas. That is why the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM) and the Service de police de la Ville de Montréal (SPVM) have established a memorandum of understanding in order to better intervene with this clientele, and to avoid the unfortunate consequences of violence. However, there are many challenges. Santé mentale au Québec met with Sandra D'Auteuil, assistant director of Professional Services and assistant director of Medical Affairs and Academic and Geneviève Gonthier, SPVM community relations officer.