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This article proposes a link between the different industrial revolutions, major learning theories, and online learning. We show that while learning theories have become progressively more learner-centred, systems of mass production and mass education increasingly separate consumers from the design of the products they use and likewise separate learners from the design of their learning and curricula. By introducing a connectivist element into a university course, we show how students are affected by a connectivist approach to education and discuss how such an approach could be used to develop essential skills for the fourth industrial revolution.

Keywords: Connectivism, connectivisme, Industrial revolution, révolution industrielle, Online education, formation en ligne, 21st century skills, compétences du 21e siècle

The transactional stress model is one of the most recognized explanatory models. Through a double evaluation mechanism, this cognitive-phenomenological perspective proposes that the state of stress emanates from a mismatch between contextual demands and personal resources. Few thorough validations of the model have been made until now. This study proposes a verification of the full dynamic of stress in a professional context via a cross-sectional study of 420 teachers. The study seeks to verify the spillover effect underlying the transactional model as well as various mediating/moderating effects resulting from the intervention of certain individual characteristics. The results of the statistical analysis generally confirm the transactional perspective as an effective way to conceptualize work stress in educational context.

Keywords: Stress, travail, modèle transactionnel, adaptation, caractéristiques individuelle

AbstractThis paper aims to describe clinical and epidemiological factors about fratricide and sororicide. It is based on situational, dynamic and psychopathological assessment, and to act-related motivations. A bibliographic search on many databases allowed the identification and synthesis of 43 papers on the matter. Three profiles of agressors, according to age, were identified: children under 11, pre-teenagers/teenagers from 11 to 17, and the adults. The parental role is important in prevention of acting-outs of children and teenagers. Further recommendations for future research are also included.

This paper reviews four quantitative and mixed-methods research projects focused on both the problems, challenges and needs of young people under protection in their transition to adulthood, as well as the actions developed to foster their social inclusion. Based on the principal conclusions of these studies, the main objective of this transversal synthesis is to provide relevant information about the synergies, contradictions and dilemmas of the employed approaches for the transition to adulthood of young people leaving the child protection system. This information is organized around a series of nodal points focused on both the analyzed reality and the answers available for guiding future action in this regard. The results highlight the relevance of positive approaches in intervention, the search for autonomy and training in competencies, gender differences in the response to intervention, the need to address the significant school dropout rate, the dilemma of intervention with and from the family, as well as the migratory challenge. The accompanying social policies, specifically the knowledge exchange processes developed between public institutions, social entities and universities, also provide a reference.

Keywords: Jeunes, protection, évaluation, transition vers l'âge adulte, autonomie, Youth, protection, evaluation, transition to adulthood, autonomy, Jóvenes, protección, evaluación, tránsito a la vida adulta, autonomía

Testifying in court can be highly challenging and demanding for children and teenagers who witness or are victims of a crime. Certain young people, especially those in care under the Youth Protection Act (YPA), have specific needs and may need to testify on more than one occasion. Despite the number of children and young people being called to testify, few studies have documented the contribution of preparation programs to the proper support of youth at the judicial level. Focusing on a sample of youth benefiting from a court preparation program, this study documents their judicial experience and assesses the outcome of this preparation program, which aims to reduce youths' fears and worries. The results indicate that girls are more fearful of testifying than boys. The results also show that 44.1 % of program participants who have been prepared to testify have had to testify in court, with a statistically significant decrease in self-reported fear levels being observed in the Fears of Court Questionnaire (Centre for Children and Families in the Justice System, 2002) between the pre-test and the end of the intervention. These findings highlight the importance of preparing youth who are asked to testify. Further research is needed to document the additional impacts of these programs.

Keywords: Craintes, enfants, procédures judiciaires, programme de préparation, témoignage, Fears, children, legal procedures, court preparation, testifying, Temores, niños, procesos judiciales, programa de preparación, testificar

AbstractThis paper studies the relationship between criminal organization and social control in the area of computer crime. We examine a “cheat at play” scheme that hacked into electronic gambling machines. We focus on how these cyber-attacks were committed and on the ability of the state and the industry to control them. We compare and contrast our findings with the research on hacking and the gambling industry and conclude by discussing the implications that our research has for law enforcement, security and public policy.

Keywords: jeux de hasard, criminalité informatique, application de la loi, piratage, politique publique, Gambling, Computer Crime, Law Enforcement, Hacking, Public Policy

In most fields of social work practice, trust between the professional and the service-user is understood as a fundamental postulate of the helping relationship. However, from the point of view of both common sense and the relevant literature, trust is not a given, but a practice of accommodation to be constructed, of which the determinants and conditions of implementation must be identified. How do social work professionals go about establishing a trust relationship with service-users in their fields of practice? This article presents the results of a qualitative research aimed at answering this question in two social work fields of practice: assistance to refugee women victims of sexual violence, and adult guardianship. The results highlight the accommodation practices of the professionals interviewed, which are in line with both the practice contexts and the realities of the service-users, by combining and relying on a set of knowledge, know-how, and interpersonal skills that enables the emergence, construction, and maintenance of trust in the relationship between the professional and the service-user.

Keywords: relation de confiance, demande d'asile, violences sexuelles, curatelle, travail social, trust, asylum, sexual violence, guardianship, social work

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted relationships between people in academia following the implementation of health measures. This study aims to better understand the reality experienced and expressed by undergraduate and graduate social work students during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. The qualitative research applies to a larger survey of 621 participants and is supplemented by quantitative research involving 90 social work students. The results show a negative emotional perception, caused by virtual teaching and work overload during this pandemic. The results of this study suggest a need for students support during periods of confinement, provide a caution concerning teaching methods, and raise concerns about how virtual learning may affect the quality of social work education.

Keywords: COVID-19, étudiantes et étudiants, travail social, santé mentale, enseignement virtuel, surcharge de travail, COVID-19, students, social work, mental health, virtual learning, work overload

Sexual abuse during childhood can be traumatic for children and their families. The criminal aspect of this form of victimization requires specialized evaluations, interventions, and, often, immediate measures to ensure the child's protection. In some cases, these lead to legal procedures. Although our knowledge regarding the consequences of child sexual abuse and effective therapeutic interventions continues to increase, we know little of the impact of legal procedures on these children's rehabilitation. This study examines the various judiciary trajectories followed by sexually abused children and their influence on the mental health of children receiving therapeutic services in a Child Advocacy Center (CAC). Results show that about a third of the children (28 %) were involved in legal actions, sometimes including a court appearance, usually before therapy began. Our findings indicate that in some circumstances legal activities had beneficial effects on the children's mental health. We observed greater therapeutic gains in children who testified in court and in children for whom legal procedures were undertaken than in children for whom no legal actions were taken. These initial findings underline the need for better documentation of the judicial component of such children's experience and can help identify conditions that facilitate recovery in sexually abused children.

Keywords: Procédures judiciaires, agression sexuelle, enfants, conséquences, Legal procedures, sexual abuse, children, consequences, Procedimientos judiciales, agresión sexual, niños, consecuencias