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Reading is currently conceived of as a search for meaning in which the reader integrates strategies from different levels. Chauveau and Rogovas-Chauveau (1990, p. 24) write : “Reading is the product of primary processes (finding correspondences between graphemes and phonemes, partially decoding a word, immediately recognizing words or syllables) and higher processes (understanding the language, making syntactico-semantic predictions, using the surrounding context to identify elements). It is located at the intersection of ascending and descending mechanisms”. Various profiles of students with reading difficulties emerge from analysis of the knowledge and strategies these students use to recognize words in a text. Three strategies appear to be essential: immediate visual recognition, segmentation of words aided by grapho-phonological correspondences, and use of context. These strategies draw on the nature of the students’ languages skills. A student with reading difficulties tends to overuse one strategy to the detriment of the others. According to the preferred strategy, the student may be classified as an over-decoder, as an over-guesser or as a word searcher. Also, the student may change strategies while reading without integrating them. Distinguishing itself from the main traditional currents in re-education, the teaching model defended here is based on a cognitive conception of reading and recommends alternating structuring sessions aimed at increasing knowledge of the language with significant reading situations wherein the beginning reader learns to make functional use of his or her knowledge and to develop authentic reading patterns. Teaching proficiency and reading strategies involves making students aware of the mental procedures they should use in order to learn. Awareness by students of their mental functioning seems essential if they are to learn to independently use the strategies indispensable to understanding the words and meaning of a text. The pedagogical approach described here is adapted to the profile of the reader, which determines the nature of interventions to carry out. Strategies which are not used, or are little used, are introduced, not to eliminate over-used strategies, but as necessary complements.

Objectives Despite the existence of several online treatments for people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), few studies have examined usage data for such interventions. Given the potential of the online modality to alleviate barriers limiting access to psychological help, it is important to document users' interactions with these tools in relation to the improvement of targeted symptoms. The objective of this study is to document usage data of the online treatment platform RESILIENT by people evacuated from the Fort McMurray, Alberta (Canada) fires, and to examine their association with the effectiveness of treatment on symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), insomnia and depression, and adherence to treatment, as measured by the number of modules accessed by participants.

Keywords: données d'utilisation, traitement en ligne, adhésion, trouble de stress posttraumatique, insomnie, dépression, usage data, online treatment, adherence, posttraumatic stress disorder, insomnia, depression

Keywords: futur.e.s enseignant.e.s, stages, compétences émotionnelles (CE), stress perçu, programme d'intervention

Between January 2016 and June 2020, Canada recorded more than 17,602 deaths attributable to opioid overdose, an increase that prompts healthcare professionals to develop clinical interventions aimed at decreasing population overdose. As emergency departments (EDs) are often the first point of care for people at risk of opioid overdose, the current intervention focused on dispensing take-home naloxone (THN) and initiating opioid agonist treatment (OAT) among ED patients who are at risk of opioid overdose (ROO). In 2018, the SuboxED project convened a multidisciplinary group of clinical experts to implement a clinical algorithm for dispensing THN and prescribing buprenorphine/naloxone (B/n) for at ROO patients in 3 Québec EDs.Methodology: This project had two phases: 1) planning and implementation, and 2) evaluation. This article will describe the first phase, from April 1, 2018 to April 30, 2019, which included several progressive stages: 1) convening a multidisciplinary group of clinicians ; 2) identifying the EDs, OAT clinics, and pharmacy partnerships in Quebec ; 3) establishing the eligibility criteria for intranasal naloxone and B/n based on scientific recommendations ; 4) developing training tools and the ED algorithm ; and 5) implementing the algorithm for patients at ROO.Conclusion: The SuboxED project developed a clinical algorithm in response to the opioid crisis in Quebec and contributed to improving naloxone access in EDs, despite many challenges. The implementation of such an algorithm is feasible and should be deployed widely, especially during health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The clinical evaluation of the implementation process will follow.

Keywords: buprénorphine-naloxone, naloxone, algorithme, salle d'urgence, opioïdes, surdose, buprenorphine/naloxone, take-home naloxone, emergency room, overdose, opioid, algorithm, buprenorfina-naloxona, naloxona, algoritmo, sala de emergencia, opioides, sobredosis

Between 2013 and 2016, laws on legal sex change in Québec were transformed, forsaking the traditional medical model of transsexuality and espousing the new trans-affirmative models on gender variance. During this time, transphobia was also effectively problematized, resulting in the prohibition on discrimination based on gender identity or expression. Based on a genealogical analysis of scientific discourses about trans identity, this article aims to illustrate the role of experts adopting the perspective of «  allies  » in this transformation of public action, and show how a posture of recognition of trans people's suffering and aspirations and their integration into scientific discourse in moments of problematization were central elements in such transformation.

Keywords: Expertise, transgenre, identité trans, action publique, transphobie, Public policy, expertise, transgender, trans identity, transphobia, Especialización, trans-género, identidad trans, acción pública, transfobia

Since the 1990s, school system regulation in OECD nations has undergone many transformations, and the Quebec school system is no exception. New Public Management, which draws heavily on private sector management techniques, aims to remedy the alleged disorganization and inefficiency of public institutions. In Quebec, this new rationalization of the school system has major impacts on the work of various categories of school officers, including teachers as well as those who do not work as directly in the classroom, like technicians and educational professionals (psychologists, learning assistance teachers, psychoeducators, speech therapists, occupational therapists, etc.). The article deals with the heavy tensions between the professional and organizational conceptions of the profession that many school professionals are experiencing. But are the routine operations of the school, its autonomy, and the division of educational labour conducive to the creation of structured or organized action that would allow educational professionals to resist the new way their work is being rationalized ?

Keywords: Nouvelle Gestion publique, division du travail éducatif, résistance, accords et arrangements, New Public Management, division of educational labour, resistance, agreements and arrangements, Nueva Gestión pública, división del trabajo educativo, resistencia, acuerdos y arreglos

Coping with multiple sclerosis (MS) is a challenge that must be faced every day. Conceptualizing the coping process for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) based on bereavement theories provides for reflection that leads to possible interventions. The specific characteristics of coping with MS are described so as to establish a connection between the principal steps in the process, its derivatives and its impasses, which are defined as coping problems. According to recent literature, meaning is a decisive factor in the case of successful coping and resilience. Studies tend to demonstrate that people with MS experience fewer coping problems when they manage to give meaning to their disease. As a result, facilitating coping through a search for meaning is pertinent. A group activity is presented to illustrate such a rehabilitation intervention.

Keywords: sclérose en plaques, adaptation, deuil, recherche de sens, résilience, multiple sclerosis, coping, bereavement, search for meaning, resilience

This article aims to synthesize, in light of their underlying reference models, the different approaches used by teachers to encourage theatrical creation by secondary school students. In this teaching context, it is worth asking what approaches will foster, in adolescents, a sense of openness to theatrical creation, as well as a motivation and a commitment to persevere despite the challenges which are faced. Our analysis and interpretation of research journal entries reflects various approaches and highlights the importance of the role of the teacher in fostering creativity in an educational context.

Keywords: processus de création, théâtre, adolescence, engagement, approches privilégiées, pédagogie

Keywords: DESCRIPTION, INTERPRÉTATION, PHÉNOMÉNOLOGIE, MÉTHODE, SCIENCES HUMAINES

The findings of a collaborative research conducted in the north of France between 2012 and 2017 among health care professionals and social workers (N = 52) highlight the feeling of loss or lessening of their power to act, impacted by the deterioration of their working conditions and their budgetary, temporal and symbolic resources. The emotional charge of these hardships of professionalism can have real effects of psychic numbing. Nevertheless, professionals cope with these situations, struggling with varying strategies of resistance, through their capacities to deconstruct established rhetorics, to set up alliances or even by investing groups analyzing practices. Marginalized, exhausted, some professionals take temporary defection paths (such as vocational training) or more radical (turnover, resignation).

Keywords: pouvoir d'action, subjectivation, épreuve émotionnelle de professionnalité, sidération psychique, recherche collaborative, habitus, stratégie de défense, résistance créatrice, power to act, subjectivation, emotional hardship of professionalism, psychic numbing, collaborative research, habitus, defense strategy, creative resistance