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SummaryThis review focuses on classical and recent research work in the field of alcohol dependence. Data from psychopathological studies trying to determine a « pre-addictive » personality are exposed. More recent studies assess personality disorders and dimensions of temperament associated to alcohol dependence. Sensation seeking, antisocial personality and novelty seeking appear as the main psychological parameters involved in dependence. Sensation seeking is a dimension of personality often associated to behavioral dependence. Sensation seeking is assessed with a five-component scale including general factor, thrill and adventure seeking, experience-seeking, disinhibition, and boredom susceptibility. Patients presenting alcohol dependence have a higher level of sensation seeking. Neurophysiological and genetic studies try to correlate these personality features to biological parameters. Preliminary results of these works are presented and discussed.
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757.More information
AbstractA medical text has a scientific aspect, apparently characterized by the use of terms. But in fact, there is subjectivity throughout, expressed through words which are the real issue of translation. The terminology poses no particular problem for the translator since this information is available from major documentation databases, from multimedia and from informational networks. The words convey the text's true meaning and represent the real challenge for the translator. The terms are but scientific decoys, hiding lesser targets that include the quest for scientific recognition, the race for research credits or the positioning of a laboratory. On the other hand, the impersonal character of a specialized medical text, which used to guarantee its objectivity, is now increasingly questioned because of the importance in contemporary medicine of immunology and psychiatry. In recent decades, immunology and psychiatry have highlighted a conception of the patient that takes the psychological dimension into account in the study of physiological troubles. In this way, medical discourse brings back into favour the first person subject, however discreet his presence may be in the text.
Keywords: médecine, sociolecte, termes, connotation, subjectivité, medicine, sociolect, terms, connotation, subjectivity
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759.More information
ABSTRACTThis article examines Condorcet's complex relationship with the ideal of perfectibility inherited from Enlightenment philosophy. Condorcet's Atlantis continues and develops More's Utopian ideal ; the horizon for this critical return to Utopia is Europe. In Condorcet the Utopian hope is fulfilled in a definition of Europe as an ethical and political task. The present slogan of the "end of Utopias" seems to us to be incompatible with the will to "build Europe".