Documents found
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37292.More information
A decade after the Rome Statute came into force, the author looks back at the issue on whether the ICC, had pledged itself towards a discriminatory criminal justice targeting Africans? Analyzing (i) the way the ICC had been solicited during its first decade of action and (ii) the inaction of the African tribunals, the author concludes that when picking court cases the idea that the “Court is against Africans” is unconvincing. However, he points out that the aforementioned two factors nevertheless do not explain, the fact that when selecting cases only Africans are targeted since even in African context we can observe the presence of non-African actors involved in armed conflicts that tear Africa apart and that subsequently there is no justification in those situations that prosecutions can only target Africans'. With regard to the relationships between the ICC and the Africans victims, the author demonstrates that so far, the answers given by the ICC to meet the need of criminal justice of these victims only partially support the notion that the ICC is “mindful of the suffering of the African victims”.
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37295.More information
Proxy advisors have become actors with the capacity to influence corporate governance standards. Their role has become crucial in the process of casting votes at the annual meetings shareholders of Canadian, American and European companies. In reaction to the internationalization of share ownership and the increased presence of institutional investors holding large numbers of shares, proxy advisors have been created to offer services that outsource the process of deciding how to vote. Thus, they facilitate the involvement of institutional investors in corporate governance and foster shareholder democracy. Nevertheless, the role of proxy advisors is also controversial. The issues raised by scholars and experts in the field have encouraged regulators across the world to intervene in the last few years. As a flexible approach based on principles has emerged as the preferred framework for regulation, this article reviews the different policy choices made by regulators (in Canada in particular) and discusses their relevance in light of the influence of proxy advisors and the legal and practical challenges raised by the services they provide.
Keywords: Agences de conseil en vote, enjeux de gouvernance, encadrement juridique, choix réglementaire, Canada, Proxy advisors, presentation of a market player, corporate governance issues, legal framework, regulatory option, Canada
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37296.More information
The aim of this paper is to describe and compare the rating principles used by themain rating agencies (Standard & Poor's, Moody's and Fitch) with the benchmarkscoring developed by the Banque de France. In panicular, we analyse the term structuresof default and rating and the dynamic of transition matrices.
Keywords: Structure par terme, rating, score, risque de défaut, probabilité de défaut, migration, Term structure, rating, scoring, default risk, default probability, migration
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37298.More information
Sociocultural community development has undergone profound changes over the past 15 years. This dynamism, fuelled by the rise of communication technologies, the evolution of audiences and the redefinition of the role of public policies, has given rise to a proliferation of practices and theoretical reflections. A diachronic analysis of these mutations, based on the articles published in the Journal, is proposed to explore the evolution and variations of this discursive content around four axes: the new paradigms arising from the digital age, citizen participation, territorial issues and social change. Sociocultural community development is not just a technique for entertainment, but rather a critical and committed posture that promotes the development of individuals and communities. It is only then that it can contribute to building a more just and democratic future.
Keywords: sociocultural community development, animation, animación, ère numérique, era digital, digital age, citizen participation, participación ciudadana, participation citoyenne, desafíos territoriales, territorial issues, enjeux territoriaux, changement social, social change, cambio social
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