Documents found
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43.More information
Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.
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44.More information
Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.
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45.More information
Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.
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46.More information
Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.
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47.More information
Le naturalisme, école littéraire qui tient à la fois de l'art et de la science a atteint l'apogée de son succès avec Emile Zola dont la tendance instinctive fut de ce retourner vers la science, et de produire, à l'aide de sa volonté indomptable et de ses facultés puissantes, une série d'oeuvres constituant un tout. [...]
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48.More information
The Seine watershed has long been the foodshed of Paris city. Nowadays, diffuse pollutions from agricultural land due to the use of pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, and the concentration of animal husbandry, endanger drinking water resources and lead to costal eutrophication problems. In this study, we attempt to reconstruct a biogeochemical history of the ‘Beauce' region, at the end of the nineteenth century, between large progressive agricultural domains (200 ha) and small familial farms (less than 10 ha). The agronomic and environmental performances of those systems are assessed using the soil surface balance method based on the analysis of data from historical production statistics and several aspects of rural life and agricultural practices detailed in the famous ‘naturalist' novel, La Terre, by Emile Zola. Wheat farming had already increased with the replacement of the traditional fallowing practice by leguminous nitrogen-fixing hay recycled by the livestock which transferred this nitrogen to arable land via grazing and manure application. The results show that nitrogen fluxes were approximatively in balance in those mixed-farming systems, thus minimizing nitrogen environmental losses and ensuring good water quality. In the large landing estates, the reduction in the area under natural grasslands, to around 10 % of the agricultural land use, together with mechanization, allowed to increase the commercial potentiality of cereal export, reaching 1460 kgN/km²/yr, i.e. 98 % of the production. This allowed to sustain the food demand of the growing urban population of the Industrial Revolution.
Keywords: azote, Paris, agrosystème, polyculture-élevage, qualité de l'eau, alimentation, XIXe siècle, Zola, nitrogen, Paris, agro-system, mixed farming, water quality, food, XIXth centuty, Zola
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49.More information
Foreign literature was a threat to Franco's Spain. Translations produced at that time were subjected to a thorough vetting aimed at identifying subversive content. Censors were free to redact or even rewrite entire passages of works considered potentially dangerous. Through the study of literary translations published during this period, it is possible to observe the extent to which dissident or anti-establishment ideas could be neutralized or transformed into discourses that were benevolent to the ruling power. Most of these foreign works have been re-translated since the end of the dictatorship; others, however, still circulate in the censored form in which they were published. This is the case of Émile Zola's La Terre: the novel, which attracted the wrath of critics and authorities in Paris, London, and Rome for its supposed immorality, even obscenity, was translated twice into Spanish during Franco's dictatorship. However, in these versions, the most problematic passages are those with religious content. The anti-religious feelings characteristic of the peasant community depicted in this novel from the Rougon-Macquart series is significantly distorted, and the accompanying phenomenon of de-christianization at times gives way, in the two translations, to a strengthening of Christian values. Through the analysis of these versions in line with Francoist orthodoxy, this study aims to reconstruct the micro-history of Zola's great peasant novel in the context of its importation into the literary system framed by the Spanish dictatorship, by examining the processes of reception, censorship, and appropriation to which it was subjected in order to ensure its ideological conformity.
Keywords: Franquisme, traduction, Zola, religion, censure, Francoist system, translation, Zola, religion, censorship