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For as long as we can remember, arts and culture have thrived in societies. Sometimes by leaving them a great heritage, sometimes by amusing people, other times, more recently, by attracting tourism, by providing a city brand and sometimes, by educating and cultivating people. For the leaders of yesterday and today, from here and there who have invested in culture, the story has shown that this is what allows societies to grow, to develop their creativity, to be recognized and share their knowledge. We realize more and more concretely how culture contributes to the development of large cities : Barcelona and Paris have made it their strength. But can we presume that culture could also be a vector of development for small regional cities ? And if so, what are the different ways to invest in culture so that it contributes to development in a sustainable way ? How can public decisions toward different forms of culture and various processes involved in its development (infrastructures, artistic production, distribution, marketing, promotion of cultural tourism) influence impacts on sustainable territorial development today ? Our study is based on an analysis of local actors speech in Rimouski about public investments in culture and sustainable development.

Keywords: culture, politiques publiques, développement durable, tourisme, Rimouski, Québec, culture, public policies, sustainable development, tourism, Rimouski, Québec

Reading pedagogy has undergone considerable changes since the 2005 educational reform of the Quebec Education Program (QEP) and the progressive integration of ICTs and multimodal competencies (Lebrun, Lacelle & Boutin, 2012). Epistemologically speaking, phenomenology in reading pedagogy still holds in terms of its need to be adapted in light of these changes. Supported by SSHRC, this study examines the aesthetic transactions between CEGEP readers and Incendies, a print-based play and its film adaptation. Following a recent study on 9th grade students' reactions to text in which we demonstrated that reading was a multimodal act (White et Lemieux, in print; Lemieux et Lacelle, 2016) and inspired by relevant studies on the reading-viewing theory (Lacelle, 2009, 2012), I present the results from a case study tracing moments of engagement with Incendies through modal (book) and multimodal (film) forms. This study provides epistemological and empirical avenues for future research in reading and literature pedagogy.

Keywords: réactions subjectives, expérience esthétique, CEGEP, didactique de la littérature, esthétigrammes, subjective reactions, aesthetic experience, CEGEP, literature pedagogy, aesthetigrams

This article proposes an analysis of pedagogical practices outside the classroom, as they are deployed in the so-called extracurricular times organized within the framework of the latest reform of school rhythms (2013-2018) in France. It is a question of mobilizing the tools of sociology of pedagogy and curriculum to apprehend a field of educational action that has long remained a blind spot in educational analysis. We will show that a singular and hybrid educational grammar are deployed on the periphery of the school, with an expressive and capacity-building content that reflects the development of a logic of individual empowerment, which we suggest is the result of the encounter between the fields of animation (popular education) and school.

Keywords: pratiques pédagogiques, rythmes scolaires, curriculums, éducation populaire, animateur⋅rice⋅s, pedagogical practices, school rhythms, curricula, popular education, animators, prácticas pedagógicas, ritmos escolares, currícula, educación popular, animadores

Dragon Ball, one of the best-selling comics of all time, has recieved alot of fan content all along the years. Some readers of Akira Toriyama's manga series have created fanfictions depicting the main characters in our modern world, transposed as sterotypical muslim chraracters. It began as a simple prank, then initiated a wide debate among the fans discussing the possible parallels between the stereotypes in popular manga series for young boys and the stereotypes associated with men with a cultural muslim background in France and French North Africa. This article is a retrospective about the reasons why Dragon Ball has the reputation to be a manga with almost universal popularity, and focusing on the particular case of its appropriation by the muslim community in France and French speaking Africa.

Keywords: Dragon Ball, Fanfiction, Afrique, Maghreb, Manga, Dragon Ball, Fandom, Africa, Maghreb, Manga

This article presents the analysis of discussions about 36 historical film productions on an online forum whose central focus is the Bechdel test. This test consists in three criteria: the film must include two named female characters (1); these two women must talk with each other at least one time during the movie (2) and their discussion must about something other than men (3). The analysis shows that the online debate platform leads users to discuss gender constructs, the relevance of the test itself, and the historical agency of women. By questioning the presence or absence of the elements of the test, internet users discuss obstacles and enablers to the understanding of the active role of women in history as well as the constraints and complex context they have had to face (historical agency). Our analysis reveals that the obstacles and enablers identified vary according to the type of historical films discussed (military, biographical, social struggles). The article illustrates the potential for this type of discussion to reveal gender and develop critical thinking in high school history classrooms.

Keywords: agentivité, genre, histoire des femmes, test de Bechdel, débat, enseignement de l'histoire, agency, gender, women's history, Bechdel Test, debate, history education