Documents found
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112.More information
This paper assesses the level of implementation of co-management in the governance of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Senegal. Fieldwork (perception surveys and interviews) was carried out with local stakeholders in seven of Senegal's MPAs from 2016 to 2018, supported by a conceptual analysis of the various dimensions of MPAs governance. The article highlights the difficulties induced by the implementation of the participatory approach in the management of MPAs in Senegal, and how these difficulties question the very performance of MPAs. The shortcomings identified include management committees' lethargy, the existence of a duality between participatory management and directive governance, and finally, the difficulty in correctly executing management measures. The main results allow us to make recommendations for optimizing the management of MPAs. After fifteen years of operation, it seems that the governance framework of protected areas needs to be strengthened in Senegal, in order to have stronger, dynamic and unifying local institutions in order to achieve their objectives of conservation and to sustainably implement natural resources community management.
Keywords: Sénégal, aires marines protégées, environnement, gestion participative, cogestion, top-down, bottom-up, Senegal, marine protected areas, environment, participatory management, co-management, bottom-up, top-down
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113.More information
The development and gender governance in Africa through economic subregional communities and national builds show the African will to consider gender as an important factor for the integration. This article examines the impact of the gender promotion on economic development of economic subregional communities and national governments in Africa. It analyzes how the strengthening of African integration is led by the women participation in function of African philosophy. Thus, promoting women by economic subregional communities and Governments have impacts on women participation on development, and then it strengthen their integration. But it remains some challenges that can be improved in the women participation on economic development. Documentary technics, interviews and internet websites are the materials of that study. Theoretical approach are focused on International political economy and cognitive approach of public policies.
Keywords: Genre, Femmes, Intégration Africaine, Communauté Economique Régionale (CER), Développement, Gouvernance, Gender, Women, Economic Sub-regional Community, African integration, Governance, Development
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116.More information
AbstractHow to deal with errors that crop up in the original text, in professional life and in teaching translation? The answer gives strong evidence as to the difference between literary and pragmatic translations. In the latter case, the object to be translated is not only a text with meaning, but also the real world it represents. The translation of intent thus takes precedence over that of meaning. It is a stringent task of the translator to define his position inside the communication chain, and a mistake not to insist on being an active part of that chain. However, looking for congruence at any price may also result in blurring parts of the original text which may seem incoherent but are actually most meaningful.
Keywords: textes pragmatiques, erreur, littérature, enseignement, textes de réalité
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117.More information
Minor corrosion features in anorthosite occur on the rocky shore in the east and southeast part of the lake St-Jean, Québec. Corrosion pits, 5 to 10 cm in diameter and 4 to 8 cm deep, are numerous on glacially-polished and striated rock surface at the mean lake level. The nature of the weathering is obscure but it is believed that waves play an important role in carrying out detritus and then producing small pits.