Documents found
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203.More information
AbstractThis article examines the influence of didactic approaches based on geolinguistic spaces in the teaching of second and foreign languages (SL/F), specifically using the example of Francophone geolinguistic spaces. The author presents the thesis that French second and foreign language didactics in francophone spheres are based on ideologies of transmission and protection of the French language for issues between states and on those of integration for issues within states; these ideologies were historically dominated by the Hexagone. Several conclusions emerge: a) the profound changes which nourish global exchanges and global societies lead to diversity and plurality; b) current SL/F didactics, which contribute to questioning issues about identity, emancipation, and citizenship within the frame of a pluralist and emancipatory ideology can bring an ethical dimension to this transformation.
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204.More information
AbstractThe seventeenth century saw the early stages of significant trading on the west coast of Africa as well as the establishment of permanent settlements in North America by Dutch, French and English explorers, merchants, colonists and missionaries in a period marked by the imperial contest that had been set in motion on the heels of the discovery of America in 1492. The travelers who wrote about their voyages overseas described at length the natives they encountered on the two continents. The images of the North American Indian and of the African that emerged from these travel accounts were essentially the same whether they be of Dutch, French or English origin. The main characteristic in the descriptions of African native populations was its permanent condemnation while representations of the Indian were imbued with sentiments ranging from compassion, censure and admiration. The root causes for this dichotomy were the inhospitable and deadly (to Europeans) tropical environment of Africa's West Coast and the growing knowledge of local societies that Europeans acquired in North America. The analysis of the contrasting images of natives on both sides of the Atlantic and the context within which they were produced are the focus of the paper.
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205.More information
At present, one finds new mobility patterns between the Ile-de-France and its overseas department, Martinique. Return migrations are an important feature of these patterns. While circulation between the metropolitan center and the island have become normalized in the everyday life of the islanders, I have observed a certain degree of irritation as regards to returnees. My ethnographic work shows that Martinican return migrants face several obstacles when they come back to their homeland. This article focuses mainly on changes in family relationships caused by return migration and on the new hypermobility dynamics between France and its former colony, which makes these families distributed on different sides of the Atlantic Ocean into what appear to be “transnational families.”
Keywords: Migrants de retour, Martinique, famille transnationale, mobilité transatlantique, parenté, Return migrants, Martinique, transnational families, transatlantic mobility, kinship
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206.More information
This article presents the results of research carried out in Quebec (in Montreal and in outlying regions) on 80 ethnically mixed couples with at least one young child. We make a close examination of the relationships of these couples with the families of the partners and the roles of the latter in the socialization of children. We show that there are very dense contacts between the couple and family members whether or not these relatives are living in Quebec, in the country of origin of one of the partners or elsewhere in the world. We also demonstrate that the family of the minority partner participates closely with the parents in bringing to fruition the identity projects of the parents for their children. These projects are based on the transmission of cultural referents associated with the multiple origins of the child. We also bring out the importance of the country of origin of the parent or grandparents in the socialization strategies of the mixed couples.
Keywords: union mixte, parenté, liens transnationaux, transmission, identité, Mixed unions, kindship, transnational ties, transmission, identity
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207.More information
AbstractThis article is based on a number of research projects conducted during the 1990s in various social and cultural environments of Montreal concerning the issue of ethnic identities among young people who are products of immigration. These various initiatives have made it possible to observe that immigrant parents, parents in mixed-couple relationships, and those who have opted for international adoption formulate specific projects as regards the ethnic identity of their children and use a number of concrete strategies to this effect. A recent study that we are conducting involving mixed couples includes a sampling of parents who have grown up in an ethnic minority environment of Montreal. The identity projects they have developed for their children are compared with their own socialization and the identity projects that their immigrant parents had for them. This article demonstrates that the identity projects of today's young parents from immigrant environments are different from those of previous cohorts in a number of regards, especially with respect to issues linked to a pluralist reality.
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208.More information
The aim of this article is to highlight the creative potential that pseudo-translations and fictitious translators can bring to the work of a writer, as well as the contribution they can make to the development of a literature, all the more so when this writer belongs to a minority literature that does not have a long, abundant literary tradition. By means of examples extracted from the work of Basque writer and translator Joseba Sarrionandia, who often tries to create the illusion that a text written by him is a translation of a foreign work or that one of his translations was found or translated by a fictitious character, we will attempt to demonstrate how these norm-transgressing literary practices, which oscillate between translation and literary creation, question some traditional concepts and definitions, such as the source text's originality, an author's exclusive possession of a text, the translator's invisibility or the authenticity and purity of languages and literatures.
Keywords: Joseba Sarrionandia, littérature basque, recréation, pseudo-traduction, traducteur fictif, Joseba Sarrionandia, Basque literature, recreation, pseudo-translation, fictitious translator
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209.More information
AbstractThe recent hydrocarbons fields discovered in the Brazilian coast are about to completely change the energy strategy of Brazil. This paper aims to analyze the technological, financial and environmental challenges that Brazil will face in the coming years, but also how the country is working to ensure its international insertion.
Keywords: pétrole, Brésil, politique énergétique, insertion internationale, petroleum, Brazil, energy policy, international insertion, petróleo, Brasil, política energética, inserción internacional