Documents found
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8551.More information
AbstractAnalysis of the various programmes offered by the Canada Council for the Arts reveals that government financial aid is not sufficient to allow for the consistent creation of operatic works. This is further borne out by studies of the operations of various professional organisations that benefit from these programmes (including professional and university workshops), as well as all the mechanisms that surround the premiere of a new opera (from its commissioning to its first staging). In sum, most of the funds are used to meet operating costs of the country's various operatic organisations. In order for Canadian opera to thrive, composers must turn to lyrical companies and not opera houses.
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8552.More information
The author examines the major recorded oil spills into international and nationalseas, some of them occurring in Canada, caused by supertankers: the TorreyCanyon, the Arrow, the Amoco Cadiz, the Gino, the Aegean Captain and theAtlantic Express, the Odyssey, the Exxon Valdez, the Braer, the Maersk Navigator,the Erika, the Prestige and the Ixtoc 1 (oil well).But, there are a lot more accidents, since those black tides began, in 1960. Eachyear, since the seventies, we could count around half-dozen of such oil spills disasters.Annex A provides a table listing all oil spill accidents from tankers since1975 involving more than 20 000 tonnes of oil. Annex B provides the chronologicallist of all accidents since 1960.Following the recent verdict in the Total SA affair (the Erika charterer), announcedby the Paris Criminal Court on January 16, 2008, after several years of trial, theauthor takes this opportunity of studying oil spill accidents and causes, someresearch programs, ecological and economical impacts, legal aspects, insuranceand indemnification, all in order to learn some lessons from such perils of sea.
Keywords: Hydrocarbures, pollution par les pétroliers, pollution maritime, OMI, conventions internationales, FIPOL (fonds d'indemnisation), Petroleum, oil pollution from tankers, marine pollution, IMO, internationalconventions, FIPOL (compensation funds)
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8553.More information
After a century of attempts to establish a uniform system for maritime transportation liability, it is somewhat paradoxical that this matter now is sometimes governed by the Rules of the Hague, by the Rules of the Hague-Visby or by the Rules of Hamburg. The author demonstrates how intent to set up a unique international legal framework splintered into a multitude of legal systems that compete with one another for the maritime transportation liability, at the expense of goods owners. Each system continues to impose a ceiling on maritime transportation liability, yet most of them still grant maritime carriers with various exonerating circumstances.
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8554.
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8555.
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8557.More information
Global changes have detrimental consequences on the conditions of life in Sahelian countries. The experience of the village of Koumbili (Burkina Faso), documented through a participatory rural appraisal (PAR) conducted in 2005, brings a concrete understanding of how actual climatic and political changes can bring about human behaviours that jeopardize the integrity of fragile ecosystem. The case of Koumbili also allows an outlook on various mechanisms which aim at strengthening local sustainable management and local organization capacities in the region considered.PAR revealed that the exploitation of the village's natural resources has intensified markedly, due to the rising of the population. A large part of the latter resulted from migrations related to the drying out of neighbouring regions and from displacements related to the Ivory Coast's crisis. Conservation of land production potential and access to water, have thus become the cause of tensions and conflicts in the village populations. This issue can be addressed by enhancing village associations with educational institutions.Universities have an important role to play in this process, and more precisely in sustainable development and in community-based social innovation. This is the rational behind the institutional reinforcement partnership between Université de Moncton and Université de Ouagadougou. The present case study derives from this partnership. Its aim is to reinforce the pertinence and the impact of university teaching and research on local communities. It is based on interdisciplinarity and wishes to bring the university “closer” to rural communities in order to develop mutual learning and long-lasting interactions, in order to build the capacities of organisation and action at the local level.
Keywords: Burkina Faso, changements globaux, communautés villageoises, développement local durable (gestion des terroirs), rôle des universités, renforcement des capacités, évaluation rurale participative, terroir de Koumbili, Burkina Faso, global changes, village communities, local sustainable development (local management), role of the university, capacity building, participatory rural appraisal, land of Koumbili
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8558.More information
Innovation studies in SMEs has been interested for long time by the place and role of networks. In these studies, everything happens as if all the relations were possible and also likely. Yet, nothing is more inaccurate : all the relations do not have the same probability to exist and networks are also structured and hierarchical. In networks analysis, this classic observation sends back to the principle of homophily ; principle according to which people or organizations tend to form connections with others who are similar to them in social or organizational characteristics. From an exploratory research based on interviews with entrepreneurs and managers of firms working in the industry of clean technologies, we will see how the principle of homophily turns out to be necessary in the understanding of, on one hand, the existence of the relations observed in the innovation's activities of SMEs, and on the other, their capacity to give access to the resources which the SMEs need in their innovation's projects.
Keywords: PME, Technologies propres, Innovation, Réseaux, Homophilie, SME, Clean technologies, Innovation, Networks, Homophily, PyME, Tecnologías limpias, Innovación, Redes, Homofilia
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8560.