Documents found
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21112.More information
SummaryAs a feature of capitalist development, economic migration has historically entailed sex work as one of its components. In the age of globalization, this means a forced choice for many women, as they move from the village to the city in their own countries and across international borders. The present article focuses on the decision making process, the means of migration, and the experience in the urban site, national or international, of those -- the vast majority -- who have not been "trafficked", but have made this forced choice their life strategy. The impact on sex worker migration of customer "migration" in the form of sex tourism is discussed, along with the other economic and cultural factors.
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21113.More information
In this article we propose to reframe debates on epistemic injustice by re-articulating them in terms of the concepts of attention and listening—two key elements for epistemic justice according to Miranda Fricker (a leading researcher in this field). We offer a few correctives and complements to Fricker's work via an exploration of the writings of Hans-Georg Gadamer, who summarized his hermeneutics as a matter of attentive listening and whose Enigma of Health is highly relevant for contemporary reflections on epistemic justice in clinical settings. Our article insists on the importance of humility, of patients' participation, of time, and of ordinary contact with alterity.
Keywords: injustice épistémique, attention, Gadamer, humilité, soins de santé, epistemic injustice, attention, Gadamer, humility, health care
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21114.More information
This study explores the potential of a dance activity addressed to children in disadvantaged settings and focused on learning vocabulary connected with the lexical field of the seasons. Semi-structured interviews were held before and after the activity in order to prompt the children to describe their season-related knowledge. Semantic maps were created based on the interview data to observe the increase in words that were used and the formation of interrelationships between these words. The article presents three cases of four-year-old children with differing initial knowledge in order to illustrate the varying potential of the dance activity in the context of this vocabulary learning project.
Keywords: vocabulaire, danse, préscolaire, milieux défavorisés, cartes sémantiques, vocabulary, dance, preschool, disadvantaged settings, semantic maps, vocabulario, danza, preescolar, contextos vulnerables, mapas semánticos
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21115.More information
In 1993, in the aftermath of the Thatcherian era, Irvine Welsh, then an unknown Scottish writer, was propelled in the high spheres of the literary scene, thanks to Trainspotting, a hard-hitting novel featuring drug-addled Scottish twenty-somethings that oppose the system the only way they can: through injections of heroin. By making them talk in an extremely cryptic version of Scots, Welsh put forth a unique discursive system that mocks both the English-speaking literary elites and the writing conventions of English. In this article, I examine the significance of the Scots sociolect in Welsh's novel through an analysis of its socio-historical context and reception, and show how the novel's French translators (Lindor Fall in 1996 and Étienne in 2011) produced versions that suppress the insubordination of the source text's language. I then present a “system of textual deformation” anchored in Québécois sociolinguistic studies, that reproduces, for the French-speaking reader, the political significance and expressive strength of this cult novel's Meschonnician voice. By using a variation of Quebec's vernacular French as a translation tool, I strive to create a space, in the francophone literary landscape, where sociolects are no longer considered untranslatable.
Keywords: Henri Meschonnic, sociolecte, sociolinguistique, Irvine Welsh, Trainspotting, Henri Meschonnic, sociolects, sociolinguistics, Irvine Welsh, Trainspotting
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21116.More information
The variety of French spoken in Continental France has previously been considered the model for « le bon français », while the variety spoken in Québec has been depicted as less prestigious. In second language teaching, these views have an impact on learners' choices and perceptions of the target language. Many researchers have investigated these perceptions through a France–Québec comparison. Using a matched-guise technique, this study investigates whether stylistic variation within a given dialect affects the reactions to Continental French and Québec French in the same way that varieties do, for learners of French as a second language in Montréal. The participants were asked to listen and react to native speakers of Paris and Montréal French varieties producing exactly the same linguistic content in two different situations, formal and informal. Results show that stylistic variation had a considerable impact on the participants' perceptions and choices. Meanwhile, the data also reveal an amalgam made between, firstly, formal language and European French and, secondly, colloquial language and Québec French.
Keywords: Français québécois, variation stylistique, sociophonétique, langue cible, Quebec French, stylistic variation, sociophonetics, target language
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21117.More information
Research Framework: Inequalities in access to childcare for young children are particularly strong in France. We analyze them through the question of the non-recourse to rights and services (Warin, 2016) in order to think about families' childcare arrangements in relation to a local public offer. Objectives: The objective is to research the different ways in which working-class mothers choose to care for their children when faced with a very inadequate public supply of early childhood care and an allocation criteria that are not favourable to them. Methodology: The empirical survey is based on comprehensive interviews that were carried out with mothers (N = 27) in three working-class neighbourhoods in a city with very few childcare facilities. Results: The analysis shows different forms of non-use that mothers have of childcare facilities. These forms are linked to the social and professional situations they are confronted with, that is in connection with an inadequate local supply: an assumed or asserted non-demand; a lack of information and knowledge of the supply and administrative procedures; a failure to offer and receive alternative proposals to the crèche, informal childcare by relatives or under the table. As their children grow older, mothers express increasing needs for care that are specifically at their development and socialization, and not only the needs related to their professional activity. Conclusions: The difficulties encountered by mothers raise questions about the quantity and quality of municipal childcare provision, as well as the cobbling together of formal and informal childcare solutions. Contribution: To understand whether or not mothers have recourse to extra-familial childcare, we emphasize the importance of simultaneously taking into account the situation of the local supply with which they are directly confronted and their own social and professional situation.
Keywords: petite enfance, mère, quartier populaire, accueil extrafamilial, garde des enfants, non-recours, conciliation famille-travail, besoin de l'enfant, early childhood, mother, out-of-home care, childcare, non-recourse, family-work balance, working-class neighbourhood, child's needs, primera infancia, madre, barrio popular, cuidados extrafamiliares, puericultura, no utilización, conciliación familia-trabajo, necesidades del niño
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21118.More information
Urban commons as a concept and social practice represent a new socio-economic and territorial logic in sustainable urbanism. They take different forms and include several social groups, generating numerous ideas and practices, sometimes new and sometimes in continuity with the past. Experiences of how urban commons contribute to debates are explored in territorial studies, particularly around issues of citizen participation and territorial governance. Through two case studies of urban commons in the city of Bologna in Italy, the structural and contextual conditions that led to their creation are analysed, and the associative dynamics are developed. This article offers an overview of how these projects contribute to participatory territorial development by comparing six elements: inclusion and democratic practices; needs targeted and met; appropriation of urban space; political aspect; feminist values and practices; and ecological values and practices.
Keywords: Urbain commons, Communs urbains, Bologna, Bologne, citizenship, citoyenneté, participation, participation, social movement, mouvement social
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21119.More information
From the first verse of the first Elegy (entitled “Quam misera sit conditio docentium literas humaniores Lutetiae...”) written by Buchanan while he was a young teacher in Paris, the Scottish scholar depicts himself as an unlucky lover of poetry whose passion is impeded by his educational job. Through his fifth Elegy, “Ad Franciscum Oliuarius, Franciae Cancellarium, nomine Scholae Burdigalensis”, the Scottish scholar, then teaching Latin in Bordeaux, becomes the advocate of the Muses in order to obtain from the French Chancellor François Olivier the financial and moral help that classical studies need at the moment. In the first Elegy which testifies a personal experience as well as in the second one which is an “event poem” written for the defense of the Collège de Guyenne, Buchanan adopts the position of the poet complaining that too many difficulties prevent him from living completely and with dignity from his art whereas he embodies a sophisticated way of life, civilization in short. In both elegies, the status of the poet is seen as problematical: George Buchanan uses the topoi of the poet’s representation and of the current situation that is sometimes personal, sometimes shared by his fellow teachers in Bordeaux. Such a situation casts doubt on the poetical vocation of the “Prince of Poets of his time”, so called a little later by the French publisher Robert Estienne.
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21120.More information
This article looks at the territorial effects of the participatory turn in cultural policies. This turn is reinforced by the general evolution of governance models that attempt to include the increasingly assertive aspirations of citizens to take part in the various actions and decisions that concern them. We examine the case of the Saint-Michel neighbourhood in Montreal, where a communalist collective action is being set up, combined with an entrepreneurial action linked to the establishment of Cirque du Soleil in the neighbourhood. The neighbourhood is the scene of a revitalisation process that gives rise to a cultural commons. The case of Saint-Michel allows us to see the contribution of the communalist cultural approach to the improvement of neighbourhood living environments.
Keywords: Comuna, Commun, Commons, cultura, culture, culture, territoire, territory, territorio, Saint-Michel neighbourhood, barrio de Saint-Michel, Quartier Saint-Michel, Montreal, Montreal, Montréal