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AbstractThis article looks at the development of scientific forestry in Quebec in order to explain in detail the ways in which the State uses scientific activity to exercise control over its territory. By focusing on one practice – reforestation – and one institution – the provincial nursery in Berthierville –, we propose an interpretation of the development of scientific forestry in Quebec according to which the reconfiguration of the forest landscape facilitated the establishment of a natural and social order. To do so, we situate the Berthierville nursery at the junction between two systems : one that provided the Department of Lands and Forests with trained staff and technical knowledge ; and a second that placed reforestation at the heart of a strategy to reclaim land lost to settlement efforts and return it to productive use. The study of the Department of Lands and Forests' scientific activities during the first half of the 20th century illustrates how reforestation, a central practice of scientific forestry in Quebec, provided a specific representation of the forest based on the tree species that was promoted – the white spruce – and an equally specific shaping of the forest landscape. The normative aspect of this practice and this species is revealed in the process of reclaiming abandoned land and the regulating of settlement efforts.

Keywords: Québec, Duplessis, économie, valeurs, exploitation minière, politique, rhétorique

The theme of sport has long remained an unexplored field of study – even, in fact, a “sub-culture” – due to its minimally “scientific” nature, its grassroots connotation and association with everyday life. However, sport and culture remain intrinsically linked because the former reveals specific facets of a society which fashions it and enables one to analyze the foundations and the evolution of our society. The study of sport heritage and the framing as heritage of sporting practices appears as new object for study, shedding light on the process whereby these cultural expressions are transmitted in time and space. These games or traditional sports become rooted in modernity through their development technically, institutionally and structurally, while, at the same time, expressing the values recognized by UNESCO in terms of the intangible cultural heritage.

When they met in 1958, Gaston Miron and Henri Pichette may have sensed that their friendship would last a lifetime. What they could not have foreseen were the difficulties they would face as they attempted to disseminate their respective works on each side of the ocean. What ideological and political representations did this friendship go through? What part did it play in the poetic evolution of Miron and Pichette? The unpublished correspondence of the two writers provides us with privileged access to the premises of the Quebec poet's activist years. More generally, it offers a first portrait of a Franco-Québécois relationship, the friendship between two of the twentieth century's greatest poets.

SummaryThe Kalderash Gypsy /Roma, itinerant life style kraftsmen and traders, work traditionally out of the labor market in Romania. The globalization gives them the opportunity to become « managers » in the aluminium recuperation business. The former complementary masculine and feminine work is replaced by the model of ‘man the breadwinner/woman the housekeeper'. This patriarcal evolution is connected to new ethnic boundary issues more than to the capitalist challenge (women support of productive force). In the light of this ethnographical aspects, the article is a critical view of the feminist theories of sexual division of labour and of patriarchy.

Martine Chartrand is an internationally acclaimed Quebec animation filmmaker. The authors show that her work offers a unique feminist and anti-racist look at the recognition and transmission of the heritage of Black people. Their approach is based on the description of her films by following the chronological order of production. The issue of racism and the minorization of the female imagination in the arts highlights the consequences of the negative representations conveyed in the cartoons dominating the genre and, by contrast, demonstrates the commitment of the artist in the production respectful representations of history, women and Black people.

Keywords: cinéma, artiste femme, antiracisme, agentivité, intersectionnalité, Martine Chartrand, cinéma d'animation, représentations des communautés noires, imaginaire féminin dans les arts et antiracisme

Trust is the basis of the traditional governance model stemming from the industrial revolution based on vertical logic. This model of governance has been questioned on several occasions following the numerous financial scandals since the Enron debacle in 2001. Blockchain technology offers the potential to evolve this governance model by enabling the creation of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs). A DAO is an organization that operates through a set of smart contracts that establish and provide governance rules to an organization. These rules are transparent and immutable because they are written in a blockchain network. Following an in-depth research of the DAO case, this study shows certain important DAO governance issues.

Keywords: Blockchain, Chaîne de blocs, trust, confiance, smart contracts, contrats intelligents, decentralized governance, gouvernance décentralisée, decentralized autonomus organizations, organisations décentralisées autonomes