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AbstractThis article is intended as a reflection on the social conditions that explain the absence of the feeling of being discriminated against in the professional careers of some individuals of North-African origin. Revolving around the results of several investigations, this contribution is presented as a summary aiming to understand the determining processes of socialisation.This research tries to describe how careers are developed between inherited resources and opportunities taken, while at the same time considering the different levels of analysis, rom the micro-level to the macro-level of social trajectories. Comparison between individuals of various ages also allows us to emphasize the changes that occurred between two generations of descendants of North-African immigrants. Current transformations in French society, both within the spheres of employment and of residential segregation, are actually reducing the probability that people of the younger generation descended from immigrants will become executives.

Les pitoyables et funestes regrets de Marguerite d'Auge [The Pitiful and Grievous Regrets of Marguerite d'Auge] (1600), a kind of textual hybrid that is half canard sanglant and half tragic tale, is emblematic of the way in which literature, taking into account both women's access to culture and writing and the rediscovery of Aristotle's Poetics, rethinks the modalities of the construction of the female character. The particular nature of this short text stems from its first-person narration, entrusted entirely to the eponymous figure of Marguerite d'Auge. Unlike the canards sanglants and tragic tales of this era when the adulterous woman spoke only to confess her crime, Marguerite d'Auge acts simultaneously as a simple penitent confessing her crime and as a director of conscience, urging her lover to stand firm in the face of impending public execution. Now, a position of this kind was theoretically impossible in the rhetorical tradition as a whole, owing to the ethos of the adulterous woman. In reality, if Les pitoyables et funestes regrets may well and truly be considered a tragic tale, it is not so much in the current and banal sense of a tale that ends in blood and disaster, but in the strictly Aristotelian sense of an avatar of the pathetic tragedy, with all this implies regarding the construction of character based on action. From this point of view, poetic Aristotelianism appears as a solution to the aporia of the vir bonus dicendi peritus of Roman tradition (that is, an ethos founded on a fact independent of speech) in that it offers the alternative of a neutral ethos, a purely textual construction where the female characters find themselves on an equal footing with their male counterparts.

AbstractThis paper attempts to translate the religious worldview of Northern Canadian First Nation peoples through the relativization of concepts from more recent religions such as Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam. These dualist religions are first contrasted with the monistic religious conceptions of the universe found in Ancient Greece and Rome. This initial analysis leads one to recognize that religion may very well proclaim the non-existence of Paradise outside this world. By further comparing the Ancient Greek and Roman monistic religions with those of the Australian Aborigines, this paper argues that a monistic conception of the world may in turn be conceived without the existence of God, gods, goddesses and even half-gods as among the Greeks or the Romans. At this juncture, the paper opens on an analysis of the religious episteme of the Tutchone Athapaskan peoples of the Yukon Territory — a religious episteme which admits the existence of no gods, no goddesses, and a fortiori no God. A discussion is then put forward on Tutchone notions of shadow-souls, breaths, yindi' (intellect) and the relations of those realities with that of zhäak (powers and healing songs) of animals and other natural phenomena before concluding with a final relativization of religious deistic worldviews.a

The influence of Nietzsche's and Eckhart's thoughts permeates through all the work of Nishitani. In this beautiful piece of work, written during his research stay (from 1937 to 1939) at the University of Freiburg under the guidance of Heidegger, Nishitani gives a truly original and refreshing interpretation of Eckhart's mystic, contrasting it with the figure of Zarathustra in Nietzsche. Beyond their respective historical backgrounds and own agendas, he finds in them the same fundamental attitude, that is the deepening of what he terms the « dialectical movement of Life » (which consists in the affirmation of human through his negation) in the direction of the groundless ground sustaining all existence. By « elemental nature of Life », he means the original spring of life, which is groundless and limitless, which is without reason. Even though this is an early essay (1938), it points to some of Nishitani's deepest insights, and outlines most of the topics to which he will later go back again and again : emptiness, knowledge of non-knowledge (as opposed to the dichotomy of subject-object), objectivity linked to the intellectual representation, far side understood as near side, and so on. Even the topic of nihilism, though not namely mentioned, is present behind the illustration of the feeling that it all comes to the same. Owing to the fact that these reflections still have the simplicity and clarity of the first formulation, it is much easier to understand their implications and connections. In a way, this essay might be seen as a prelude to the tremendous developments that nishitanian thought will undergo until the masterwork of 1961, Religion and Nothingness (『宗教とはなにか』)

This paper proposes to rethink the integration of noise in music, a phenomenon too often confined in the borders of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, under the light of Jacques Rancière's reflections on what he calls the “aesthetic regime”: a revolution in the ways of thinking and feeling which, propelled by Romanticism and still ongoing, disrupts the conceptualizations of society and culture inherited from ancient Greece. In terms of artistic creation and appreciation, the new era is characterized by a decline of the classic ideal of eloquence, of the form entirely guided by a content to be transmitted, for the benefit of the more ambiguous model of the “mute speech”, of the signification that is beyond any master's control. The latter, Rancière explains, can be interpreted in two ways. As the immanence of logos in pathos, it is the expressive power of mute things themselves: the secret signification or poetry of unimportant details, accessible to anyone who knows how to look properly. As the immanence of pathos in logos, inversely, it is the share of nonsense hiding behind the most rigorously articulated speech just as in any other rational construction: an obscure force to which the poet-psychoanalyst or metaphysician tries, somehow, to give voice and body. If the mute speech and its two contradictory forms come to oust the old eloquence as the principle of artistic creation, it is because the whole aesthetic regime revolves around the idea of a radical identity between all opposites: the noble and the vulgar, the active and the passive, the conscious and the unconscious, etc. So, building on these reflections, this paper proposes to retrace some of the practices and discourses which, since Romanticism and up to this day, blur the lines between sense and nonsense, art and non-art, music and noise.

This article highlights the challenges of integration and academic success of international students in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean CEGEPs, a region with low ethnocultural density. This region has been welcoming these students for over a decade. Although present, there is scarce information on the internationalization of education phenomenon in the CEGEPs of the region. The objective of this research is to gain a better understanding of the challenges related to the integration and academic success of international students. To do so, individual interviews were conducted with 21 international students. Results show that students generally have a positive image of the CEGEPs and their teachers. Also, the migratory experience is marked by differences between the country of origin and the country of migration for studies. According to these students, integration is not “a long calm river”; they must persevere to succeed during their academic progress. This article provides pedagogical and social contributions by highlighting the importance of the role of teachers, CEGEPs, and the collegiate and civil communities in the integration and academic success of international students.

Keywords: étudiants internationaux, cégeps, intégration, réussite scolaire, Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, international students, CEGEPs, integration, academic success, Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, estudiantes internacionales, cégeps, integración, éxito escolar, Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean

This article analyzes the quantification instruments of public action to fight against school dropout in France and in Quebec. This comparison of an instrumentation within its national context enables us to discuss the effects of perspective generated by the use of a wide variety of quantification instruments. The assessment of the scope of the phenomenon calls for a multi-scalar approach on a national, supranational, regional and local level. It shows that the exigencies of a statistical instrumentation moved from a priority given to interstate comparison to a priority given to the estimation of regional or local indicators aimed at mobilizing and enabling field actors. It reveals the political role of the variety of definitions (categories of equivalence), indicators (frequencies or percentages), ranking scales and thresholds of comparison. They provide, in fine, rhetorical repertoires to national and regional actors mobilized either for accrediting an emergency to act or to demonstrate the efficacy of the action undertaken.

Keywords: décrochage scolaire, quantification, instrumentation, rhétorique, statistiques, politiques publiques, school dropout, quantification, instrumentation, rhetoric, statistics, public policy, Deserción escolar, cuantificación, instrumentación, retórica, estadísticas, políticas públicas

This study explores the role of the Union des Latins d'Amérique (ULA) in the context of the Second World War, paying particular attention to the meaning and influence of the discourse of identity they fostered in their activities. The spokespersons of the cultural association promoted an original take on Quebec's américanité. Throughout the war, they argued that embracing markers of continental identity did not necessarily pose a direct threat to the nation's French and Catholic culture, as hundreds of millions of Spanish – and Portuguese – speakers in the Americas shared with French Canada a common Latin heritage. In doing so, they lobbied to widen the scope of Quebec's international relations, promoting a cultural and political rapprochement with Latin America. Indeed, while the world conflict limited the province's foreign relations to the Anglo-Protestant continent surrounding it, the Union des Latins' position attracted influential political actors from Quebec who met during their activities to familiarize themselves with Latin American culture and examine the geopolitical factors that would favour the survival of the French Canadian nation. The association certainly organized fashionable gatherings that attracted Montreal's petty bourgeoisie. But these happenings also constituted a space where the political future of Quebec could be freely discussed by well-known nationalists alongside influential French Canadian politicians. In fact, the O'Leary brothers, two radical Quebec nationalists who set up the association, collaborated with federalists like T.D. Bouchard to imagine new transnational connections between Latins in the Americas, rallying support from Latin American diplomats in Montreal. The malaise it provoked in Ottawa is revealing of new dynamics emerging in relation with the assertion of a French Canadian voice on the international scene.

AbstractTwo revised relative sea-level (RSL) curves are presented for the Port au Choix to Daniel's Harbour area of the Great Northern Peninsula, northwestern Newfoundland. Both curves are similar, showing continuous emergence of 120-140 m between 14 700 cal BP and present. The half-life of exponential curves fit to the RSL data is 1400 years and the rate of emergence varies from ~2.3 m per century prior to 10 000 cal BP to ~0.13 m per century since 5000 cal BP. The curves fit a general pattern of RSL history along the west coast of Newfoundland, where there is a southward transition from solely emergence to emergence followed by submergence. Isostatic depression curves are generated for four RSL records spanning the west coast. Almost double the crustal depression is recorded to the northwest, reflecting the greater glacioisostatic loading by the Laurentide Ice Sheet over southern Labrador and Québec compared to a smaller loading centre by a regional ice complex over Newfoundland. Only the St. George's Bay RSL record in the southwest appears to show evidence for a proglacial forebulge, when at 6000 cal BP an isostatic ridge of 4 m amplitude begins to collapse.

Natural resource management transfer contracts and community biocultural protocols (PBC) are two community-based tools currently being tested in Madagascar. They are part of the ratification of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Nagoya Protocol. The latter are more recent and come under the legal framework on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS). As types of written charters by which the communities codify or specify the conditions of access to their resources and associated knowledge, the PBCs are also directories of traditions and customary rules for the management of their tangible and intangible heritage. According to their promoters, PBCs would make it possible to strengthen the mechanism of decentralization of resource management, in particular by consolidating the right to self-determination of communities. However, questions arise as to the impact of the mechanisms on the institutional organization and the internal functioning of the communities. Focused on the study of the case of the communities of Mariarano and Betsako, in the northwestern part of the island, the article shows that, despite their bottom-up and participatory dimension, these devices have profoundly modified the structures local and customary management of space and resources as evidenced by the “personification” exerted on community institutions and which is explained by the desire of the State and funders to make “legible”.