Search Results

Historical sociological studies face a challenge similar to that discussed by Martin Wight in “Why is there no International Theory?” Classical social theorists conceptualized “society” in the ontological singular, leaving their successors with a “domestic analogy” problem which has dogged attempts to provide a social theory of International Relations. Overcoming this problem requires an expansion of the premises of social theory to incorporate those general features of social reality which generate the phenomenon of “the international”. This expansion can be achieved using Leon Trotsky's idea of ‘uneven and combined development'. Specifically, the existence of ‘the international' arises ultimately from the “unevenness” of human sociohistorical existence; its distinctive characteristics can be derived from analysis of the resultant condition of “combined development”; and its significance, thus sociologically redefined, entails are conceptualization of ‘development' itself — one which removes the source of the “domestic analogy” problem for historical sociology.

Keywords: Sociologie historique, relations internationales, Trotsky, développement inégal et combiné, Historical Sociology, International Relations, Trotsky, Uneven and Combined Development  , Sociología Histórica, Relaciones Internacionales, Trotsky, desarrollo desigual y combinado

This article is intended to analyze the Tunisian automobile insurance rating system, using an optimal rating model. ln this regard, we apply a rating model based on the characteristics of policy holders and their number of past accidents (Lemaire 1995, Dionne and Vanasse 1992). Our data base is structured for a five-year period (1990-1995) and contains 46,337 observations, allowing us to evaluate, from annual data with the use of models for count data (Poisson and negative binomial), the relative importance of factors explaining the number of accidents during a period and to build up optimal bonus-malus tables. We come to the conclusion that other variables than the power and the use of vehicles (which are the two rating criteria in the actual regime) are significant to explain the number of accidents (insured residence, insured coverages, model and age of vehicles) and also, in other respects, that the bonus-malus table put in place by the ministry of Finance is not optimal.

Keywords: Information privée, sécurité routière, bonus-malus, tarification de l’assurance automobile, modèles de comptage, Private information, road safety, bonus-malus, automobile insurance rating, count data models

Based on comparative references, this article provides a critical examination of the collective imagination as regards the Grande Noirceur and the Quiet Revolution. It aims to demonstrate that the current memory of these two periods of Québec's past makes short shrift of many empirical data. In this sense, it points to the tricks of memory and false identities that have long fed the French-Canadian collective conscience, and which contemporary Québec has in part inherited. As regards the Grande Noirceur, in particular, Québecers have not yet been able to rid themselves of a sort of shameful memory connected with it. From the opposite angle, the text is also intended as an invitation to banish the stereotypes that have also infiltrated modernist historiography (sometimes referred to as “revisionist”). In short, one feels an increasing need for a new paradigm that will carry things beyond the current antagonisms.In a final section, the author examines the current state of memory and the harsh break that the Quiet Revolution is accused of having caused in the cultural (and particularly in the religious) development of Québec.

Keywords: Médecine, santé, tourisme, risque, classification

Research Framework: This essay attempts to reclaim Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941), the “Myriad-Minded Man” from colonial India, through his “ages of life” – as a son, father, and educator – and his conceptualization of an alternate education and masculinity. Tagore's critique of colonial education, his experiments with institutions, and his curriculum emphasizing arts and moral aesthetics over muscular nationalism challenged the dominant culture of masculinity. His paternalism embraced a “manliness” privileging moral and spiritual sustenance over economic and political considerations.Objectives: By focusing on Rabindranath Tagore, an iconic figure of Indian modernity, the essay attempts to demonstrate the tangled relationship between his domestic reality and his public commitment to social justice and pedagogy. Methodology: It deploys the method of contextualized textual analysis by examining a variety of literary sources -- personal narratives, correspondence, lectures, and essays. Results: Foregrounding the importance of family in its enabling and restrictive capacities, the essay explores connections between one family's life and the Bengali understanding of age, gender, and class in late colonial India. Conclusions: The essay contends that Tagore's position as a biological father and the transference of his affective concern to a larger body of children, in whom he inculcated a new sense of freedom, were inflected with an alternate sense of masculinity.Contribution: The essay contributes to our understanding that the role of “fathers,” biological and metaphorical, attained heightened significance among the educated, affluent community in colonial Bengal. An examination of the interminable connection between Tagore's personal and public life disrupts the separation between the home and the world and establishes the centrality of the domestic in Indian nationalist politics. As a father and a reformer, Tagore challenged existing notions of masculinity through his reformed and secular model of education.

Keywords: Rabindranath Tagore, paternité, masculinité, virilité, famille, éducation, pédagogie, Inde coloniale, Rabindranath Tagore, fatherhood, masculinity, manliness, family, education, pedagogy, Colonial India

Video games, vectors of model characters for the public, are confronted with the problem of representations. Faced with dominant male figures, gender and ethnic minorities are often not proposed to the public or when they are, these representations are often problematic. The French-speaking industry, which is taking an increasingly important part in this market, seems to want to insert new protagonists outside the established norm with women and/or characters of different ethnicities and sexualities. This decision to diversify the protagonists of video games is often a delicate choice so as not to fall into stereotypes or the devaluation of minorities. How, through French-language video games, does the representation of minorities take on a new and original place? Through the analysis of various video games developed by French-speaking developers, it will be possible to analyze these representations put forward by the developers and, above all, to compare them with the perception of the players with whom they are intrinsically linked. Between character design, gameplay, narration and goals, French-speaking video games propose an evolution of the representations of minorities, as well as a persistence of stereotypes.

Keywords: Minorités, genre, jeux vidéo, représentations, réception, Minorities, genre, video games, representations, reception

The Montreal neighbourhood of Milton-Parc, sometimes referred to as the “McGill Ghetto,” is often associated with a divide between two populations that coexist in the same space while interacting little: there is the Milton-Parc of the local residents, composed of households that have been vested in the area for a long time, and there is the Milton-Parc of the students, continuously renewed by successions of student cohorts. This article draws on observations and interviews conducted in the neighbourhood in 2019. As regards conflicts of proximity caused by transgressive student behaviour (in particular, excessive partying and the accumulation and improper sorting of household waste), we posit that the de facto social norms are characterized by a relative tolerance of student transgressions. This tolerance is based on the moral representations of the neighbourhood as a student zone and, hence, as accepting of the lifestyles of the student population. In other words, although some local residents take recourse to the law when faced with student transgressions, the McGill Ghetto is, overall, characterized by a relative tolerance and its attendant social norms for the practices inherent to “student culture” or “youth,” at times even eliciting generational projections among the local residents.

Keywords: Montréal, sociologie urbaine, espace public, conflits de proximité, Milton-Parc, Montreal, studentification, urban sociology, public space, proximity conflicts, Milton-Parc