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This article analyses child abandonment from a comparative law perspective. Various interpretations given to the juridical notion of abandonment are considered as well as elements of the legal systems of Québec, Ontario and France that relate to measures for the protection of the abandoned child. Three different legal contexts are examined: child protection legislation, parental authority, and declarations of abandonment. Family intervention mechanisms are addressed through a comparison of specific laws in Canada and the education assistance system in France. Deprivation of parental authority as a supplementary measure for child protection is then examined. Finally, our discussion provides a contextual study of measures permitting an abandoned child to be adopted. This analysis demonstrates that in this area of law Québec has a hybrid system, containing mechanisms and interpretations which are drawn from the common law tradition, along with others that are purely civil in nature.