Résumés
Résumé
Le présent travail visait à déterminer l'impact de rejets de deux mines de fer et de phosphates sur la qualité physicochimique de l'eau d'un système aquifère alluvial (nord-ouest de la Tunisie). Des échantillons de terrils, de sols ainsi que de l'eau de puits captant la nappe ont été prélevés et analysés. Les résultats d'analyses des échantillons de terrils ont montré que cette matrice renferme des concentrations remarquables en métaux lourds (essentiellement le Cd, Cr, Pb et Zn). Ces éléments métalliques ont été également détectés à des concentrations non négligeables dans la fraction fine des sols situés en aval des rejets miniers, suite à son transport éolien et hydrique. En ce qui concerne les eaux de la nappe, il s'avère que le transport des métaux issus des terrils est totalement atténué par les éléments constituant le sous-sol. Ces eaux, de bonne qualité géochimique, sont toutefois assez contaminées en nitrates dû aux pratiques agricoles intenses et à l'absence de systèmes d'assainissement urbains.
Mots-clés :
- terrils miniers,
- métaux lourds,
- nappe phréatique,
- pollution,
- géochimie
Abstract
The aims of this work were to determine the impacts of releases from two iron and phosphate mines (North West Tunisia) on the physico-chemical water composition of the related alluvial aquifer system. Samples from tailings, soil and water wells were collected and analyzed. The analytical results of tailing samples showed that this matrix contains high concentrations of heavy metals (mainly Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn). These metals were also detected at significant levels in the fine soil fraction downstream from the mine waste discharge due to transport by wind and water. The heavy metal concentrations in groundwater showed that the metal transport from the tailings is completely attenuated by the soil constituents. Overall, the physic-chemical quality of the groundwater is good, except for nitrates, which are present at relatively high concentrations due to intensive agricultural practices and the absence of urban wastewater treatment plants.
Keywords:
- mine tailings,
- heavy metals,
- groundwater ,
- pollution,
- geochemistry
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
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