Abstracts
Abstract
In this paper, we point out three possible ways gene patents could impede scientific research. First, gene patent laws might exacerbate the culture of secrecy ubiquitous in science. Second, gene patents may limit researchers’ ability to study poly or multigenic diseases without access to all genetic etiologies. Third, gene patents could result in a “patent thicket”.
Keywords:
- gene patents,
- scientific research,
- culture of secrecy,
- multigenic diseases,
- patent thicket
Résumé
Dans cet article, nous mettons en évidence trois façons dont les brevets sur les gènes pourraient nuire à la recherche scientifique. Premièrement, les lois relatives aux brevets sur les gènes risquent d’exacerber la culture du secret omniprésente en science. Deuxièmement, sans un accès à toutes les étiologies génétiques, les brevets sur les gènes peuvent limiter la capacité des chercheurs à étudier les maladies poly ou multigénétiques. Troisièmement, les brevets sur les gènes pourraient aboutir à un « maquis de brevets ».
Mots-clés :
- brevets sur les gènes,
- recherche scientifique,
- culture du secret,
- maladies multigéniques,
- maquis de brevets
Download the article in PDF to read it.
Download
Appendices
Bibliography
- 1. United States Supreme Court Ruling. Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc. October 2012 Term.
- 2. Resnik DB. DNA patents and human dignity. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 2001; (29)1:152-165.
- 3. Farrelly C. Gene patents and justice. Journal of Value Inquiry. 2007; (41)2-4:147-163
- 4. Boutros N. Race to the cure: Why gene patents pave the way for breast cancer research. American University Journal of Gender Social Policy and Law. 2011; 19(3):1009-1030.
- 5. Caulfield T, Gold ER, Cho MK. Patenting human genetic material: refocusing the debate. Nature Review Genetics. 2000; 1(3):227-231.
- 6. Walsh JP, Cho C, Cohen WM. Patents, material transfers and access to research inputs in biomedical research. Final Report to the National Academy of Sciences’ Committee Intellectual Property Rights in Genomic and Protein-Related Inventions, 2005.
- 7. Huys I, Matthijs G, Van Overwalle G. The fate and future of patents on human genes and genetic diagnostic methods. Nature Review Genetics. 2012; 13(6):441-8.
- 8. Resnik DB. DNA patents and scientific discovery and innovation: Assessing benefits and risks. Science and Engineering Ethics. 2001; 7(1):29-62.
- 9. Salzberg SL. The perils of gene patents. Nature Publishing Group. 2012; 91(6):969-71.
- 10. Hawkins N. The Impact of Human Gene Patents on Genetic Testing in the UK. Genetic Medicine. 2011; 13(4):320-324.
- 11. Williams-Jones B. History of a gene patent: tracing the development and application of commercial BRCA testing. Health Law Journal. 2002; 10:123-46.
- 12. Saladino TR. Seeing the Forest Through the Trees: Gene Patents and the Reality of the Commons. Berkeley Technical Law Journal. 2011; 26(1):301-328.
- 13. Hara N, Solomon P, Seung-Lye K, Sonnenwald DH. An emerging view of scientific collaboration: Scientists' perspectives on collaboration and factors that impact collaboration. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 2003; 54(10):952-965.
- 14. Sonnenwald D. Scientific Collaboration. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology. 2007; 41(1):643-681.
- 15. Bottino R, Trucco M. Multifaceted therapeutic Approaches for a multigenetic disease. Diabetes. 2005; 54 Supplement 2 S79-S86.
- 16. Holman CM. The Impact of Human Gene Patents on Innovation and Access: A Survey of Human Gene Patent Litigation. UC Berkeley Recent Work 2008.