Abstracts
Résumé
La présente étude vise à (1) décrire la consommation de psychotropes chez les préadolescents présentant des troubles extériorisés et à (2) identifier les caractéristiques personnelles, familiales et sociales qui permettent de différencier ceux s’étant initiés aux psychotropes de ceux qui ne consomment pas de psychotropes. L’échantillon est composé de 194 enfants (54 filles) âgés de 9 à 11 ans qui reçoivent des services psychosociaux en milieu scolaire pour des problèmes de comportement extériorisés. À l’entrée dans l’étude, 30,4 % présentaient un trouble des conduites (TC), 56,2 % un trouble de l’opposition avec provocation (TOP) et 80,4 % un trouble déficitaire de l’attention avec hyperactivité (TDAH).
Les résultats indiquent que 41,2 % des jeunes qui présentent des troubles extériorisés se sont initiés à l’un ou l’autre des psychotropes et un sur dix s’est initié à plus d’un psychotrope avant l’âge de 12 ans. Comparés aux jeunes abstinents, les jeunes qui se sont initiés aux psychotropes présentent davantage de symptômes associés à la violation des règles et à l’anxiété. Les filles s’étant initiées précocement aux psychotropes présentent certaines caractéristiques tempéramentales que sont l’activité, l’intensité et la distractivité. Sur le plan familial, ces jeunes proviennent de milieux familiaux où les parents sont plus nombreux à abuser ou à dépendre des drogues et à présenter des conduites antisociales. Enfin, sur le plan social, si les enfants qui se sont initiés aux psychotropes ont un réseau composé d’un nombre plus élevé d’amis, ces amis s’avèrent aussi plus nombreux à être également initiés à la cigarette, à l’alcool et au cannabis. À la lumière de ces résultats, dès l’école primaire, l’intervention auprès des jeunes qui présentent des troubles de comportement extériorisés devrait inclure un processus de dépistage systématique et des actions préventives qui proposent des modèles sociaux positifs.
Mots-clés :
- Troubles extériorisés,
- initiation précoce aux psychotropes,
- préadolescents,
- caractéristiques associées
Abstract
This study was designed (1) to describe the consumption of psychotropic substances among pre-adolescents with externalized disorders and (2) to identify the personal, family and social characteristics which differentiate those who have been introduced to psychotropic substances from those who do not consume them. The sampling was composed of 194 children (54 girls) between the ages of 9 and 11 years who received psychosocial services in the schools for externalized behaviour problems. At the beginning of the study, 30.4 % presented Conduct Disorders (CD), 56.2 % Oppositional Defiance Disorders (ODD), and 80.4 % had an Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
The results indicate that 41.2 % of the youth who had externalized behaviour problems had been introduced to a psychotropic substance before the age of 12 years. Compared to youth who abstained, those introduced to psychotropic substances presented more symptoms associated with violating rules and with anxiety. The girls who had been introduced to psychotropic substances early presented certain temperamental characteristics of activity, intensity and distractibility. On the family level, more of these youth came from family environments in which the parents abused or were dependant on drugs and presented antisocial behaviours. Lastly, on the social level, if the children who were introduced to psychotropic substance had a network composed of a larger number of friends, more of these friends had also been introduced to cigarettes, alcohol and cannabis. In the light of these results, already in elementary school, the intervention with youth who have externalized behaviour disorders should include a systematic screening procedure and preventive actions which propose positive social models.
Keywords:
- Externalized disorders,
- early initiation to psychotropic substances,
- pre-adolescents,
- associated characteristics
Resumen
El presente estudio tiene como objetivos: 1) describir el consumo de psicotrópicos entre los preadolescentes con transtornos exteriorizados de conducta y 2) identificar las características personales, familiares y sociales que permiten diferenciar a los que se iniciaron en el consumo de psicotrópicos de los que no consumen psicotrópicos. La muestra está compuesta por 194 niños (54 niñas) entre 9 y 11 años que reciben servicios psicosociales en medio escolar por trastornos exteriorizados de conducta. Al entrar en el estudio, el 30,4 % presentaba un trastorno de conducta (TC), 56,2 % un trastorno de oposición con provocación (TOP) y 80,4 % un trastorno de déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH).
Los resultados indican que el 41,2 % de los jóvenes que presentaban trastornos exteriorizados se iniciaron en el consumo de algun psicotrópico y uno de cada diez inició en el consumo de más de un psicotrópico antes de antes de los 12 años. Comparados con los jóvenes abstinentes, los que se iniciaron en los psicotrópicos presentan más síntomas asociados con la violación de las reglas y la ansiedad. Las niñas que se iniciaron precozmente presentan ciertas características temperamentales como la actividad, la intensidad y la distracción. En el plano familiar, estos jóvenes provienen de medios familiares en los que padres o madres son más numerosos en abusar de drogas o en ser dependientes y en presentar comportamientos antisociales. Finalmente, en el plano social, si bien los niños iniciados en el consumo de psicotrópicos cuentan con una red integrada por un número más elevado de amigos, muchos de estos amigos se han iniciado también en el consumo de cigarrillos, alcohol y cannabis. A la luz de estos resultados, la intervención entre los jóvenes que presentan trastornos exteriorizados de conducta debería incluir, desde la escuela primaria, un proceso de detección sistemático así como acciones preventivas que propongan modelos sociales positivos.
Palabras clave:
- trastornos exteriorizados,
- iniciación precoz en el consumo de psicotrópicos,
- preadolescentes,
- características asociadas
Appendices
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