Abstracts
Résumé
La consommation d’alcool est liée à environ 30 % des collisions routières mortelles. Dans plusieurs juridictions, des programmes d’évaluation et de traitement de la consommation d’alcool chez les contrevenants sont mis en place afin de réduire leur consommation et leur récidive. De par sa forme brève, l’entretien motivationnel (EM) suscite l’intérêt du milieu clinique. Cette revue systématique de la documentation scientifique examine l’efficacité de l’EM dans la prévention secondaire et tertiaire de la conduite avec les capacités affaiblies par l’alcool (CCA) chez les contrevenants et chez les patients recrutés à la suite d’une collision routière, notamment chez les jeunes. La recherche de la documentation dans les banques de données CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychINFO et PubMed a couvert la période de 1983 à 2014. Elle a permis d’identifier 11 essais contrôlés avec répartition aléatoire des participants dans les groupes expérimentaux ou témoins. Une évaluation des risques de biais a été effectuée à l’aide de la grille de la collaboration Cochrane. La disparité des résultats n’a pas permis le regroupement quantitatif des données. Bien que les études disponibles soient encore peu nombreuses (n = 6), les résultats sur l’efficacité de l’EM sont prometteurs chez les récidivistes et les patients recrutés en milieu hospitalier avec une consommation d’alcool problématique. De plus, quatre de ces études présentent des biais méthodologiques moyennement faibles ou faibles. Les résultats sont mixtes en ce qui a trait aux études (n = 5) portant sur les jeunes contrevenants et les contrevenants ayant commis une première infraction de CCA, sans consommation problématique d’alcool comme critère d’inclusion dans l’étude. Une seule de ces études présente des biais méthodologiques faibles. D’autres essais contrôlés avec répartition aléatoire, menés et rapportés selon les règles proposées par le Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement, sont donc nécessaires afin de démontrer l’efficacité de l’EM dans la prévention secondaire et tertiaire de la CCA chez les jeunes contrevenants et les contrevenants à leur première infraction de CCA. Ils permettraient aussi de corroborer les résultats préliminaires obtenus auprès de récidivistes et de patients recrutés en milieu hospitalier.
Mots-clés :
- consommation d’alcool,
- conduite avec les capacités affaiblies par l’alcool,
- traitement,
- entretien motivationnel,
- contrevenants et patients,
- jeunes adultes
Abstract
Alcohol use is linked to approximately 30 % of all fatal traffic crashes. In many jurisdictions, evaluation and treatment programs for offenders are in place to reduce alcohol misuse and recidivism. Due to its brevity, Motivational Interviewing (MI) has captured the attention of the clinical community. This systematic review of the scientific literature examines the effectiveness of MI for secondary and tertiary prevention of driving while impaired by alcohol (DWI) in offenders and in drivers recruited from hospital settings following a traffic crash – with a specific focus directed at young drivers. Search of CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychINFO and PubMed databases covering the 1983−2014 period identified 11 studies that described randomization to experimental and control groups. Bias in results was examined using the Cochrane Collaboration protocol. Meta-analysis was not appropriate given significant disparities between studies. Despite the limited number of studies (n = 6), the findings were judged promising for effectiveness in MI among recidivists and patients seen in hospital settings with alcohol problems. Four of these studies were evaluated to possess moderate or little methodological bias. Results were mixed in studies (n = 5) with young offenders and first-time DWI offenders in which problem alcohol use was not a recruitment inclusion criterion. Only one of these studies possessed little methodological bias. Additional randomized controlled trials conducted and reported according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement are needed to establish MI’s effectiveness in secondary and tertiary prevention of DWI in young drivers and first-time offenders. Confirmation is needed for its effectiveness in recidivists and injured patients recruited from hospital settings.
Keywords:
- alcohol use,
- driving while impaired by alcohol,
- treatment,
- motivational interviewing,
- offenders and patients,
- young adults
Resumen
El consumo de alcohol está relacionado con alrededor del 30 % de las colisiones mortales en la ruta. En numerosas jurisdicciones se establecen programas de evaluación y tratamiento de los contraventores con el fin de reducir el consumo y el recidivismo. Debido a su forma breve, de la entrevista motivacional (EM) ha suscitado interés en el medio clínico. Esta revisión sistemática de la documentación científica examina la eficacia de la EM en la prevención secundaria del manejo de vehículos con las capacidades disminuidas por el alcohol (CDA) entre contraventores y pacientes reclutados luego de un choque en la ruta, principalmente jóvenes. La búsqueda de documentación en bases de datos CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychINFO et PubMed cubrió el período de 1983 a 2014. Permitió identificar 11 estudios que describían una asignación aleatoria de los participantes a los grupos experimentales o grupos de control. Se llevó a cabo una evaluación de los riesgos de sesgo por medio de la cuadrícula de colaboración Cochrane. La disparidad de los resultados no permitió el reagrupamiento cuantitativo de datos. Los resultados sobre la eficacia de la EM son prometedores entre los recidivistas y los pacientes reclutados en medio hospitalario con un consumo problemático de alcohol, a pesar de que la cantidad de estudios es poco elevada (n= 6). Además, cuatro de estos estudios presentan sesgos metodológicos medianos o débiles. Los resultados son mixtos para los estudios (n = 5) sobre los jóvenes contraventores en su primera infracción con CDA, sin consumo problemático de alcohol como criterio de inclusión en el estudio. Solamente uno de estos estudios presenta sesgos metodológicos débiles. Es necesario por lo tanto realizar otras ensayos controlados aleatorios según las reglas propuestas por el Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement, para demostrar la eficacia de la prevención secundaria del manejo con CDA en los jóvenes y los contraventores en su primera infracción. Esto permitiría también corroborar los resultados preliminares obtenidos con los recidivistas y los pacientes reclutados en medio hospitalario.
Palabras clave:
- consumo de alcohol,
- manejo con las capacidades disminuidas por el alcohol,
- tratamiento,
- entrevista motivacional,
- contraventores y pacientes,
- jóvenes adultos
Appendices
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