Abstracts
Abstract
The Canadian federal government not only provides public services such as infrastructure, healthcare and education that benefit all citizens, but government also provides services on an individual basis to citizens. Through a case study, this paper explores how government makes decisions that support its political party’s ideology in deciding whether or not to implement user fees for services that benefit individuals. Using public choice theory, we discuss three actors with each actor striving to maximize their utility: elected officials by obtaining enough votes to form government; citizen-voters by obtaining more benefits than what they finance through general taxation; and pressure groups by spending resources on political activities to secure the group members’ preferences. We then apply these three actors to a case study: the decision to increase user fees for criminal record suspensions. The case study brings forth an example of government not acquiescing to the majority of citizen-voters’ and pressure groups’ demands if these demands do not align with government’s self-interest such as furthering their ideological stance.
Résumé
Le gouvernement fédéral canadien ne fournit pas seulement des services publics tels que des infrastructures, des services de santé et d’éducation qui profitent à toutes et tous, il propose également des services individuels à certains de ses citoyens. Grâce à une étude de cas, cet article explore la manière dont le gouvernement prend des décisions fidèles à l’idéologie du parti politique au pouvoir pour imposer, ou non, des frais d’utilisation pour accéder à des services qui ne profitent qu’à une fange de la population. En utilisant la théorie des choix publics, nous présentons trois acteurs qui, chacun, cherche à maximiser son utilité : les élus, en gagnant suffisamment de voix pour former un gouvernement; les citoyens-électeurs, en obtenant plus d’avantages que ce qu’ils payent par la fiscalité générale; et les groupes de pression, en investissant dans des activités politiques afin de garantir les préférences de leurs membres. Nous discutons ensuite de ces trois acteurs dans un cas précis : la décision d’augmenter les frais de service dans le cadre des demandes de suspensions de casier judiciaire. Cette étude de cas démontre qu’un gouvernement n’acquiesce pas à la majorité des demandes des citoyens-électeurs et des groupes de pression si celles-ci ne coïncident pas avec ses champs d’intérêts, tel que le renforcement de sa position idéologique.
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