Abstracts
Abstract
This essay situates itself at the intersection of book history and translation studies, and inquires how the archive, in this instance, those of British publishers, can help us chart the development of the professional literary translator in the nineteenth century. A key period in print culture, during which many cultural, technological and social shifts occurred, the Victorian era saw the rise of the literary profession, the relevance and impact of which on literary translation can be even better understood in the light of developments in British publishing practices. Using hitherto largely untapped primary sources and uncovering a number of significant processes in the publishing history of literary translation, the discussion offers fresh insights into the production of English-language translations in nineteenth-century Britain. Drawing on the archival records of Richard Bentley’s publishing house, including translators’ correspondence and the contractual agreements that underpinned the production and publication of translations, this study inquires into what may be termed the “proto-professionalization” of literary translators in the nineteenth century.
Keywords:
- literary translators,
- nineteenth century publishing,
- British publishing,
- book history,
- professionalization
Résumé
Au confluent de l’histoire du livre et des études de traduction, cet essai expose les diverses manières dont les archives, en l’occurrence celles de maisons d’édition britanniques, permettent de retracer l’émergence des traducteurs littéraires professionnels au XIXe siècle. Période clé dans la culture de l’imprimé, marquée par de nombreux changements culturels, technologiques et sociaux, l’ère victorienne a vu l’essor de la profession littéraire, dont la pertinence et l’impact sur la traduction littéraire s’éclairent mieux encore à la lumière de l’évolution des pratiques éditoriales britanniques. À partir de sources primaires très peu exploitées à ce jour, et de l’observation de pratiques cruciales dans l’histoire de l’édition de la traduction littéraire, cet article aborde sous un nouveau jour la production des traductions en anglais dans la Grande-Bretagne du XIXe siècle. Nourrie par les archives de la maison d’édition de Richard Bentley, qui comportent notamment des correspondances de traducteurs et les accords contractuels qui sous-tendent la production et la publication de traductions, cette étude examine la « proto-professionnalisation » des traducteurs littéraires au XIXe siècle.
Mots-clés :
- traducteurs littéraires,
- édition du dix-neuvième siècle,
- édition britannique,
- histoire du livre,
- professionalisation
Resumen
Este ensayo se sitúa en la intersección de la historia del libro y los estudios de traducción, y pregunta cómo el archivo, en este caso, los de los editores británicos, puede ayudarnos a trazar el desarrollo del traductor literario profesional en el siglo XIX. Un período clave en la cultura impresa, durante el cual ocurrieron muchos cambios culturales, tecnológicos y sociales, la época victoriana vio el auge de la profesión literaria, cuya relevancia e impacto en la traducción literaria pueden ser aún mejor comprendidos a la luz de los desarrollos en las prácticas editoriales británicas. Utilizando fuentes primarias hasta ahora no aprovechadas y descubriendo una serie de procesos significativos en la historia editorial de la traducción literaria, la discusión ofrece nuevas ideas sobre la producción de traducciones en inglés en la Gran Bretaña del siglo XIX. Basándose en los registros de archivo de la editorial Richard Bentley, incluida la correspondencia de los traductores y los acuerdos contractuales que sustentaron la producción y publicación de traducciones, este estudio indaga en lo que se puede llamar la «proto-profesionalización» de los traductores literarios en el siglo XIX.
Palabras clave:
- traductores literarios,
- ediciones del siglo diecinueve,
- edición británica,
- historia del libro,
- profesionalización
Appendices
Bibliography
- Adamo, Sergia (2006): Microhistory of Translation. In: Georges L. Bastin and Paul F. Bandia, eds. Charting the Future of Translation History. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 81-100.
- Alexander, Isabella (2010): Copyright Law and the Public Interest in the Nineteenth Century. Oxford/Portland: Hart Publishing.
- Bachleitner, Norbert (2009): A Proposal to Include Book History in Translation Studies. Arcadia. 44(2):420-440.
- Batchelor, Kathryn (2018): Translation and Paratexts. London/New York: Routledge.
- Bassett, Troy J. (2020): The Rise and Fall of the Victorian Three-Volume Novel. Cham: Springer Nature.
- Bassnett, Susan and France, Peter (2006): Translation, Politics, and the Law. In: Peter France and Kenneth Haynes, eds. The Oxford History of Literary Translation in English. Vol. 4. 1790-1900. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 48-58.
- Belle, Marie-Alice and Hosington, Brenda M. (2017): Translation, history and print: A model for the study of printed translations in early modern Britain. Translation Studies. 10(1):2-21.
- Belle, Marie-Alice and Hosington, Brenda M., eds. (2018): Thresholds of Translation: Paratexts, Print, and Cultural Exchange in Early Modern Britain (1473-1660). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Bensoussan, Albert (1995): Confessions d’un traître: essai sur la traduction. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes.
- Billett, Stephen, Harteis, Christian, and Gruber, Hans, eds. (2014): International Handbook of Research in Professional and Practice-based Learning. New York: Springer.
- Blakesley, Jacob, ed. (2018): Sociologies of Poetry Translation: Emerging Perspectives. London: Bloomsbury.
- Bode, Katherine and Osborne, Roger (2015): Book History from the Archival Record. In: Leslie Howsam, ed. The Cambridge Companion to the History of the Book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 219-236.
- Bourdieu, Pierre (1999): Une révolution conservatrice dans l’édition. Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales. 126-127:3-28.
- Brisset, Annie (2003): Alterity in Translation: An Overview of Theories and Practices. In: Susan Petrilli, ed. Translation, Translation. Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi, 101-132.
- Buchanan, Alexandrina (2011): Strangely unfamiliar: ideas of the archive from outside the discipline. In: Jennie Hill, ed. The Future of Archives and Recordkeeping: A Reader. London: Facet Publishing, 37-62.
- Cordingley, Anthony and Montini, Chiara (2015): Genetic translation studies: an emerging discipline. Linguistica Antverpiensia. 14:1-18.
- Darnton, Robert (2007): “What Is the History of Books?” Revisited. Modern Intellectual History. 4(3):495-508.
- Dent, Mike, Bourgeault, Ivy Lynn, Denis, Jean-Louis, et al. (2016): The Routledge Companion to the Professions and Professionalism. London/New York: Routledge.
- Derrida, Jacques (1995): Mal d’archive: une impression freudienne. Paris: Galilée.
- Derrida, Jacques (1995/1996): Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression. (Translated from French by Eric Prenowitz) Diacritics. 25(2):9-63.
- Eliot, Simon (1994): Some Patterns and Trends in British Publishing, 1800-1919. London: Bibliographical Society.
- Eliot, Simon (2001): The Business of Victorian Publishing. In: Deirdre David, ed. The Cambridge Companion to the Victorian Novel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 36-61.
- Feather, John (2007/2019): Copyright and the Creation of Literary Property. In: Simon Eliot and Jonathan Rose, eds. Companion to the History of the Book. Newark: John Wiley & Sons, 745-757.
- Finkelstein, David and McCleery, Alistair, eds. (2007): Edinburgh History of the Book in Scotland. Vol. 4. Professionalism and Diversity 1880-2000. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
- Finkelstein, David (2007/2019): The Globalization of the Book 1800-1970. In: Simon Eliot and Jonathan Rose, eds. Companion to the History of the Book. Newark: John Wiley & Sons, 515-527.
- France, Peter and Haynes Kenneth, eds. (2006): The Oxford History of Literary Translation in English. Vol. 4. 1790-1900. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Gettmann, Royal A. (1960): A Victorian Publisher: A Study of the Bentley Papers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Gouanvic, Jean-Marc (1999): Sociologie de la traduction. La science-fiction américaine dans l’espace culturel français des années 1950. Arras: Artois Presses Université.
- Heilbron, Johan (1999): Towards a Sociology of Translation: Book Translations as a Cultural World-System. European Journal of Social Theory. 2(4):429-444.
- Hersant, Patrick (2018): «On n’est jamais tout seul»: étude génétique d’une collaboration Ungaretti-Jaccottet. Carnets. 14:1-17.
- Hoyte-West, Antony (2020): The professional status of conference interpreters in the Republic of Ireland: An exploratory study. Translation Studies. 13(2):183-196.
- Law, Graham (2012): The Professionalization of Authorship. In: John Kucich and Jenny Bourne Taylor, eds. The Oxford History of the Novel in English. Vol. 3. The Nineteenth Century 1820-1880. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 37-55.
- Leary, Patrick and Nash, Andrew (2009): Authorship. In: David McKitterick, ed. The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain. Vol. 6. 1830-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 172-213.
- Lesser, Margaret (2006): Professionals. In: Peter France and Kenneth Haynes, eds. The Oxford History of Literary Translation in English. Vol. 4. 1790-1900. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 85-97.
- Littau, Karin (2011): First steps towards a media history of translation. Translation Studies. 4(3):261-281.
- Milan, Michelle [Michèle] (2013): Found in Translation: Franco-Irish Translation Relationships in Nineteenth-Century Ireland. Doctoral dissertation, unpublished. Dublin: Dublin City University. Consulted on 11 March 2021, http://doras.dcu.ie/17753/.
- Milan, Michelle (2018): Women Poet-Translators in Mid-Nineteenth Century Ireland: A Socio-Historical Approach. In: Jacob Blakesley, ed. Sociologies of Poetry Translation: Emerging Perspectives. London: Bloomsbury, 83-104.
- Milan, Michelle (forthcoming): Translation in Nineteenth-Century Ireland: Cross-Cultural Encounters. Oxford: Peter Lang.
- Milton, John and Bandia, Paul F., eds. (2009): Agents of Translation. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
- Munday, Jeremy (2014): Using primary sources to produce a microhistory of translation and translators: theoretical and methodological concerns. The Translator. 20(1):64-80.
- Nash, Andrew (2018): Publishers’ Archives, Authors’ Papers, and Literary Scholarship. In: David C. Sutton and Ann Livingstone, eds. The Future of Literary Archives: Diasporic and Dispersed Collections at Risk. Leeds: Arc Humanities Press, 115-126.
- O’Sullivan, Carol (2012): Introduction: Rethinking Methods in Translation History. Translation Studies. 5(2):131-138.
- Pym, Anthony (1998): Method in Translation History. Manchester: St. Jerome.
- Pym, Anthony, Grin, François, Sfreddo, Claudio, et al. (2013): The Status of the Translation Profession in the European Union. London/New York: Anthem Press.
- St Clair, William (2004): The Reading Nation in the Romantic Period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Salmon, Richard (2013): The Formation of the Victorian Literary Profession. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Sapiro, Gisèle (2008): Translation and the field of publishing. Translation Studies. 1(2):154-166.
- Seville, Catherine (1999): Literary Copyright Reform in Early Victorian England: The Framing of the 1842 Copyright Act. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Seville, Catherine (2006): The Internationalisation of Copyright Law: Books, Buccaneers and the Black Flag in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Sher, Richard B. (2006): The Enlightenment and The Book: Scottish Authors and Their Publishers in Eighteenth-Century Britain, Ireland and America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Sutherland, John (1976): Victorian Novelists and Publishers. London: Athlone Press.
- Tahir Gürçağlar, Şehnaz (2011): Paratexts. In: Yves Gambier and Luc van Doorslaer, eds. Handbook of Translation Studies. Vol. 2. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 113-116.
- Venuti, Lawrence (1995): The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation. London/New York: Routledge.
- Venuti, Lawrence (1998): The Scandals of Translation: Towards an Ethics of Difference. London/New York: Routledge.
- Wilson, Nicola (2014): Archive fever: the publishers’ archive and the history of the novel. In: Patrick Parrinder, Andrew Nash, and Nicola Wilson, eds. New Directions in the History of the Novel. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 76-87.
- Wolf, Michaela and Fukari, Alexandra, eds. (2007): Constructing a Sociology of Translation. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
- Zanotti, Serenella (2018): Diasporic Archives in Translation Research: A Case Study of Anthony Burgess’s Archives. In: David C. Sutton and Ann Livingstone, eds. The Future of Literary Archives: Diasporic and Dispersed Collections at Risk. Leeds: Arc Humanities Press, 127-140.