Abstracts
Abstract
Building on variously located Syrian women’s accounts of their day-to-day lives in Lebanon, this article illuminates meaning-making processes in protracted displacement, defined by the UNHCR (2004, p. 1) as a “long-lasting and intractable state of limbo.” We draw on the metaphor of a “constellation of homes” (Brun & Fábos, 2015) to explore various homemaking practices and the interconnected temporal and multi-sensorial dimensions thereof. In so doing, we counter narratives of displaced women as a homogenous collective and problematic assumptions of stasis and passivity associated with protracted displacement. Particular attention is paid to women’s narratives regarding “purposeful work” and, crucially, female friendship, which we argue can be understood as additional nodes in the constellation of homes. We argue that further and different forms of research are required to do justice to the multi-sensorial dimensions of homemaking and the novel concept of “sisters-in-waiting” in the lives of women in protracted displacement.
Keywords:
- protracted displacement,
- agency-in-waiting,
- multi-sensorial,
- homemaking,
- female friendship,
- Syrian women
Résumé
En s’appuyant sur les récits de femmes syriennes localisées à divers endroits concernant leur vie quotidienne au Liban, cet article met en lumière les processus de création de sens dans le cadre du déplacement prolongé, défini par le HCR (2004, p. 1) comme un « état d’incertitude durable et irréductible ». Nous nous inspirons de la métaphore d’une « constellation de domiciles » pour explorer les diverses pratiques d’établissement de domicile et leurs dimensions temporelles et multi-sensorielles interconnectées. Ce faisant, nous nous opposons aux récits présentant les femmes déplacées comme un collectif homogène et aux présuppositions problématiques de statisme et de passivité associées au déplacement prolongé. Une attention particulière est portée aux récits des femmes concernant le « travail utile » et, de façon importante, l’amitié féminine, qui peuvent selon nous être compris comme des noeuds supplémentaires dans la constellation de domiciles. Nous soutenons que d’autres formes de recherche sont nécessaires pour rendre justice aux dimensions multisensorielles de l’établissement de domicile et au nouveau concept de « soeurs-en-attente » dans la vie des femmes en situation de déplacement prolongé.
Download the article in PDF to read it.
Download
Appendices
Bibliography
- Abu-Lughod, L. (1991). Writing against culture. In R. G. Fox (Ed.), Recapturing anthropology: Working in the present (pp. 137–162). School of American Research Press.
- Ahmed, S. (1999). Home and away. Narratives of migration and estrangement, International Journal of Cultural Studies, 2(3), 329–347. https://doi.org/10.1177/136787799900200303
- Ayoub, M. (2017). Gender, social class and exile: The case of Syrian women in Cairo. In J. Freeman, Z. Kivilcim, & N. Ö. Baklacoglu (Eds.), A gendered approach to the Syrian refugee crisis (pp. 77–104). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315529653-6
- Bardelli, N. (2022). A hierarchy of refugees: Fixing vulnerability among refugees from Mali in Burkina Faso. Public Anthropologist, 4(2), 135–159. https://doi.org/10.1163/25891715-bja10038
- Blunt, A., & Dowling, R. (2022). Home (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429327360
- Boccagni, P., & Hondagneu-Sotelo, P. (2023). Integration and the struggle to turn space into “our” place: Homemaking as a way beyond the stalemate of assimilationism vs transnationalism. International Migration, 61, 154–167. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12846
- Brah, A., & Clini, C. (2017). Open space: Contemporary feminist discourses and practices within and across boundaries: An interview with Avtar Brah. Feminist Review, 117(1), 163–170. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41305-017-0079-2
- Bremmer, M., Hermans, C., & Lamers, V. (2021). The charmed dyad: Multimodal music lessons for pupils with severe or multiple disabilities. Research Studies in Music Education, 43(2), 259–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/1321103X20974802
- Brun, C. (2015). Active waiting and changing hopes: Toward a time perspective on protracted displacement. Social Analysis, 59(1), 19–37. https://doi.org/10.3167/sa.2015.590102
- Brun, C., & Fábos, A. (2015). Making homes In limbo? A conceptual framework. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, 31(1), 5–17. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40138
- Čapo, J. (2015). “Durable solutions,” transnationalism, and homemaking among Croatian and Bosnian former refugees. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, 31(1), 19–30. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40139
- Dijstelbloem, H. (2023, June 28). Moving the immovable. Climate migration and the multiple tensions between mobility and immobility [Keynote lecture]. STS Italia Conference 2023, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Dudley, S. (2011). Feeling at home: Producing and consuming things In Karenni refugee camps on the Thai–Burma border. Population, Space And Place, 17(6), 742–755. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.639
- Ebaugh, H. R., & Curry, M. (2000). Fictive kin as social capital in new immigrant communities. Sociological Perspectives, 43(2), 189–209. https://doi.org/10.2307/1389793
- Etzold, B., & Fechter, A.-M. (2022). Unsettling protracted displacement: connectivity and mobility beyond “limbo.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 48(18), 4295–4312. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2022.2090153
- Fábos, A. (2015). Microbuses and mobile homemaking in exile: Sudanese visiting strategies in Cairo. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, 31(1), 55–66. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40149
- Fawaz, M., Gharbieh, A., Harb, M., & Salamé, D. (Eds.). (2018, September). Refugees as city-makers. Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs, American University of Beirut. https://www.aub.edu.lb/ifi/Documents/publications/research_reports/2018-2019/20180910_refugees_as_city_makers.pdf
- Grawert, E., & Mielke, K. (2018). Coping with protracted displacement: How Afghans secure their livelihood in Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan [Working paper]. Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC). https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-61301-9
- Hart, J., Paszkiewicz, N., & Albadra, D. (2018). Shelter as home? Syrian homemaking in Jordanian refugee camps. Human Organization, 77(4), 371–380. https://doi.org/10.17730/0018-7259.77.4.371
- Howes, D. (2019). Multisensory anthropology. Annual Review of Anthropology, 48(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102218-011324
- Hyndman, J., & Giles, W. (2011) Waiting for what? The feminization of asylum in protracted situations. Gender, Place and Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography, 18(3), 361–337. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2011.566347
- Lindqvist, M. (2011). The flower girl: A case study in sense memory. In J. Creet & A. Kitzmann (Eds.), Memory and migration (pp. 183–193). University of Toronto Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctt2ttzkd.14
- Loescher, G., & Milner, J. (2008). Understanding the problem of protracted refugee situations. In G. Loescher, J. Milner, E. Newman, & G. Troeller (Eds.), Protracted refugee situations: Political, human rights and security implications (pp. 20–42). United Nations University Press. https://archive.unu.edu/unupress/sample-chapters/protracted_refugee_situation_web.pdf
- Lokot, M. (2020). “Blood doesn’t become water”? Syrian social relations during displacement. Journal of Refugee Studies, 33(3), 555–576. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fey059
- Massey, D. (1994). Space, place and gender. Polity Press
- Massey, D. (2004). Geographies of responsibility. Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography, 86(1), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0435-3684.2004.00150.x
- Meijering, L., & Bailey, A. (2023). Homemaking and cohousing by postcolonial migrants in later life. In P. Boccagni (Ed.), Handbook on home and migration (pp. 426–437). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800882775.00047
- Mendola, D., & Pera, A. (2021). Vulnerability of refugees: Some reflections on definitions and measurement practices. International Migration, 60(5), 108–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12942
- Miedema, E. (2016). “Let’s move, let’s not remain stagnant”: Nationalism, masculinism, and school-based education in Mozambique. In Z. Millei & R. Imre (Eds.), Childhood and nation: Interdisciplinary engagements (pp.183–206). Palgrave MacMillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137477835
- Miedema, E., & Millei, Z. (2015). “We reaffirm our Mozambican identity in the fight against HIV & AIDS”: Examining educational perspectives on women’s “proper” place in the nation of Mozambique. Global Studies of Childhood, 5(1), 7–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/2043610615573375
- Mountz, A., & Hyndman, J. (2006). Feminist approaches to the global intimate. Women’s Studies Quarterly, 34(1/2), 446–463. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40004773
- Obeid, M. (2010). Friendship, kinship and sociality in a Lebanese town. In A. Desai & E. Killick (Eds.), The ways of friendship: Anthropological perspectives (pp. 93–113). Berghahn Books. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781845458508-006
- Stevens, M. R. (2016). The collapse of social networks among Syrian refugees in urban Jordan, Contemporary Levant, 1(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/20581831.2016.1153358
- Tobin, S. A., Momani, F., & Al Yakoub, T. (2022). “The war has divided us more than ever”: Syrian refugee family networks and social capital for mobility through protracted displacement in Jordan. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 48(18), 4365–4382. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2022.2090157
- UNHCR. (2004, June 10). Protracted refugee situations (EC/54/SC/CRP.14). https://www.refworld.org/docid/4a54bc00d.html
- UNHCR. (2021). Global trends: Forced displacement in 2020. https://www.unrefugees.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Global-Trends-2020.pdf
- van Raemdonck, A. (2023). Syrian refugee men in “double waithood”: Ethnographic perspectives on labour and marriage in Jordan’s border towns. Gender, Place & Culture, 30(5), 692–713. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2023.2178390
- Wyatt, J., & Wyatt, T. (2015). (Be)coming home. In D. Chawla, & S. Holman Jones (Eds.), Stories of home: Place, identity, exile (pp. 31–46). Lexington Books.