Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article fait état des principaux résultats d’un projet de recherche entrepris par un vaste groupe d’universitaires au cours des sept dernières années. L’équipe a centré ses travaux sur la manière dont les négociations intergouvernementales produisent des politiques dans les municipalités canadiennes et sur le rôle des « forces sociales » dans le processus d’élaboration des politiques. L’étude s’intéresse en particulier aux administrations municipales, à la fois en tant que participants au cycle des relations intergouvernementales et en tant que pôles d’échanges des réseaux locaux des forces sociales. De façon générale, les fruits de cette recherche dressent un tableau détaillé de la gouvernance multiniveau au Canada. Les résultats publiés ici sont liés aux questions de reddition de comptes et d’efficacité. Après une brève introduction, ces thèmes sont abordés dans l’ordre. En conclusion, il est question de résultats généraux sur la gouvernance multiniveau au Canada et de la posture des administrations municipales dans le système politique canadien.
Abstract
This article reports some of the principal findings from a research project undertaken by a large group of scholars over the past seven years. Our focus was on how intergovernmental negotiations produce policy in Canadian municipalities, and on the role of ‘social forces’ in the policy making process. We have been particularly interested in municipal governments, both as participants in intergovernmental relations and as hubs of networks of local social forces. Our results, overall, paint a thorough picture of multilevel governance in Canada. Here, I have selected findings that bear on questions of accountability and effectiveness. After a brief introduction, and an account of the research, these themes are taken up in turn. I conclude with general findings about multilevel governance in Canada and about the position of municipal governments in the Canadian system.
Appendices
Bibliographie
- Agranoff, R. et M. McGuire (2003). Collaborative Public Management: New Strategies for Local Governments, Washington, Georgetown University Press.
- Anderson, C. (2006). « Economic Voting and Multilevel Governance: A Comparative Individual-Level Analysis », American Journal of Political Science, vol. 50, n° 2, p. 449-463.
- Andrew, C., K. A. Graham et S. Phillips (dir.) (2002). Urban Affairs: Back on the Policy Agenda, Montréal et Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press.
- Berdahl, L. (2006). « The Federal Urban Role and Federal-Municipal Relations », dans R. Young et C. Leuprecht (dir.), Canada: The State of the Federation 2004 - Municipal-Federal-Provincial Relations in Canada, Montréal et Kingston, McGill-Queens University Press for the Institute of Intergovernmental Relations, School of Policy Studies, Queen’s University, p. 25-43.
- Bherer, L. et P. Hamel (2012). « Overcoming Adversity, or Public Action in the Face of New Urban Problems: The Example of Montreal », dans M. Horak et R. Young (dir.), Sites of Governance: Multilevel Governance and Policy Making in Canada’s Big Cities, Montréal et Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press, p. 104-135.
- Bradford, N. (2007). Whither the Federal Urban Agenda ? A New Deal in Transition, Canadian Policy Research Networks, Family Network, Research Report F/65.
- Breton, A. (1987). « Towards a Theory of Competitive Federalism », European Journal of Political Economy, vol. 3, n° 1-2, p. 263-329.
- Carroll, B. W. et K. A. H. Graham (dir.) (2009). Administration publique du Canada, numéro spécial sur le fédéralisme, la politique publique et les municipalités, vol. 52, n° 3.
- Chenier, J. A. (2009). « The Evolving Role of the Federation of Canadian Municipalities », Canadian Public Administration, vol. 52, n° 3, p. 395-416.
- Courchene, T. J. (2007). « Global Futures for Canada’s Global Cities », Policy Matters, vol. 8, n° 2.
- Esselment, A. (2011). « Birds of a Feather ? The Role of Partisanship in the 2003 Ontario Liberal Transition », Canadian Public Administration, vol. 54, n° 4, p. 465-486.
- Esselment, A. (2010). « Fighting Elections: Cross-Level Political Party Integration in Canada », Canadian Journal of Political Science, vol. 43, n° 4, p. 871-892.
- Gagnon, A.-G. (dir.) (2009). Contemporary Canadian Federalism: Foundations, Traditions, Institutions, Toronto, University of Toronto Press.
- Garcea, J. et E. C. LeSage Jr. (dir.) (2005). Municipal Reform in Canada: Reconfiguration, Re-Empowerment, and Rebalancing, Toronto, Oxford University Press.
- Grieve, M. et L. Turnbull (à paraître). « Emergency Planning in Nova Scotia », dans D. Henstra (dir.), Multilevel Governance and Emergency Planning in Canadian Municipalities, Montréal et Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press.
- Haddow, R. (2011). « Multilevel Governance and Immigration Policy in Nova Scotia », dans E. Tolley et R. Young (dir.), Immigrant Settlement Policy in Canadian Municipalities, Montréal et Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press, p. 192-240.
- Harper, S. (2010), Speech to the Federation of Canadian Municipalities, Toronto, 28 mai, Author’s notes.
- Harvey, J. et R. Young (dir.) (2012). Multilevel Governance and Image-Building in Canadian Municipalities, Montréal et Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press.
- Henstra, D. (dir.) (à paraître). Multilevel Governance and Emergency Planning in Canadian Municipalities, Montréal et Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press.
- Hooghe, L. et G. Marks (2003). « Unraveling the Central State, but How ? Types of Multi-level Governance », American Political Science Review, vol. 97, n° 2, p. 233-243.
- Horak, M. (2012a). « Multilevel Governance in Toronto: Success and Failure in Canada’s Largest City », dans M. Horak et R. Young (dir.), Sites of Governance: Multilevel Governance and Policy Making in Canada’s Big Cities, Montréal et Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press, p. 228-262.
- Horak, M. (2012b). « Conclusion: Understanding Multilevel Governance in Canada’s Cities », dans M. Horak et R. Young (dir.), Sites of Governance: Multilevel Governance and Policy Making in Canada’s Big Cities, Montréal et Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press, p. 339-370.
- Horak, M. et R. Young (dir.) (2012). Sites of Governance: Multilevel Governance and Policy Making in Canada’s Big Cities, Montréal et Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press.
- Hutton, T. (2012). « Multilevel Governance and Urban Development: A Vancouver Case Study », dans M. Horak et R. Young (dir.), Sites of Governance: Multilevel Governance and Policy Making in Canada’s Big Cities, Montréal et Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press, p. 263-298.
- Ircha, M. C. et R. Young (dir.) (à paraître). Multilevel Governance and Federal Property in Canadian Municipalities, Montréal et Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press.
- Lazar, H. et C. Leuprecht (dir.) (2007). Spheres of Governance: Comparative Studies of Cities in Multilevel Governance Systems, Montréal et Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press for the Institute of Intergovernmental Relations, School of Policy Studies, Queen’s University.
- Leo, C. (2006). « Deep Federalism: Respecting Community Difference in National Policy », Canadian Journal of Political Science, vol. 39, n° 3, p. 481-506.
- Leuprecht, C. et H. Lazar (2007). « From Multilevel to “Multi-order” Governance ? », dans H. Lazar et C. Leuprecht (dir.), Spheres of Governance: Comparative Studies of Cities in Multilevel Governance Systems, Montréal et Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press for the Institute of Intergovernmental Relations, School of Policy Studies, Queen’s University, p. 1-21.
- Miller, B. et A. Smart (2012). « Ascending the Main Stage ?: Calgary in the Multilevel Governance Drama », dans M. Horak et R. Young (dir.), Sites of Governance: Multilevel Governance and Policy Making in Canada’s Big Cities, Montréal et Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press, p. 26-52.
- OCDE (2012). Fiscal Decentralization Database, www.oecd.org/document/32/0,3746,en_2649_35929024_47467040_1_1_1_1,00.html#SEC_B_2 (page consultée le 17 juin 2012).
- Papadopoulos, Y. (2010). « Accountability and Multi-level Governance: More Accountability, Less Democracy ? », West European Politics, vol. 33, n° 5, p. 1030-1049.
- Peters, E. J. (dir.) (2011). Urban Aboriginal Policy Making in Canadian Municipalities, Montréal et Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press.
- Pierre, J. et B. G. Peters (2005). Governing Complex Societies: Trajectories and Scenarios, New York, Palgrave Macmillan.
- Sancton, A. et R. Young (dir.) (2009). Foundations of Governance: Municipal Government in Canada’s Provinces, Toronto, University of Toronto Press for the Institute of Public Administration of Canada.
- Sanderson, C. et P. Filion (à paraître). « The Development of the Toronto Waterfront: Federal Presence, Institutional Complexity and Planning Outcomes », dans M. Ircha et R. Young (dir.), Multilevel Governance and Federal Property in Canadian Municipalities, Montréal et Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press.
- Siegel, D. et C. R. Tindal (2006). « Changing the Municipal Culture: From Comfortable Subordination to Assertive Maturity », Municipal World, partie 1, mars, p. 37-40 et partie 2, avril, p. 13-17.
- Simeon, R. (2002). Political Science and Federalism: Seven Decades of Scholarly Engagement, 2000 Kenneth R. MacGregor Lecture, Kingston, Institute of Intergovernmental Relations, Queen’s University.
- Tindal, C. R. et S. N. Tindal (2009). Local Government in Canada, 7e éd., Toronto, Nelson Education.
- Tolley, E. et R. Young (dir.) (2011). Immigrant Settlement Policy in Canadian Municipalities, Montréal et Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press.
- Young, R. (2012). « Introduction: Multilevel Governance and Its Central Research Questions in Canadian Cities », dans M. Horak et R. Young (dir.), Sites of Governance: Multilevel Governance and Policy Making in Canada’s Big Cities, Montréal et Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press, p. 3-25.
- Young, R. (2011). « The Federal Role in Canada’s Cities: The Pendulum Swings Again », dans T. Courchene et autres (dir.), The Federal Idea: Essays in Honour of Ronald L. Watts, Montréal et Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press et The Institute of Intergovernmental Relations, p. 313-322.
- Young, R. (2009a). « Canada », dans N. Steytler (dir.), Local Government and Metropolitan Regions in Federal Systems, A Global Dialogue on Federalism Volume VI, Senior Editor John Kincaid, Montréal et Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press for the Forum of Federations and the International Association of Centers for Federal Studies, p. 106-135.
- Young, R. (2009b). « Conclusion », dans A. Sancton et R. Young (dir.), Foundations of Governance: Municipal Government in Canada’s Provinces, Toronto. University of Toronto Press for the Institute of Public Administration of Canada, p. 487-499.
- Young, R. (2006). « Open Federalism and Canadian Municipalities », dans K. Banting et autres, Open Federalism: Interpretations, Significance, Kingston, Institute of Intergovernmental Relations, p. 7-24.
- Young, R. et C. Leuprecht (dir.) (2006). Canada: The State of the Federation 2004 - Municipal-Federal-Provincial Relations in Canada, Montréal et Kingston, McGill-Queens University Press for the Institute of Intergovernmental Relations, School of Policy Studies, Queen’s University.