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195.More information
AbstractIf design and innovation have been largely studied by researchers in management, this question is relatively less adressed in the craft context. This article deals with the design and innovation figures, identified after three years of work within a regional club associating both different craftsmen and researchers.Based on an empirical study of 15 craft firms in several sectors (sometimes traditional sector) results put into light several various shapes and stages in design and innovation processes.After the presentation of the different theoretical approaches of design and innovation and their limits in the craft context, we expose the research methodology and this original approach of regional club. Afterwards, the proposal of a typology of design and innovation couple is discussed and considered to characterize the cratfman as an original figure of project manager.
Keywords: Conception, Innovation, Artisanat, Projet, Management, Entreprise artisanale
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196.More information
We clarify the foundations of project evaluation under multiple risk sources and we showthat the way the NPV method is typically applied in most firms and organizations violatessome fundamental principles of value creation such as the additivity and absence of arbitrageprinciples. Project evaluation must be done through (i) decomposing the projectcash flows into components corresponding to the different sources of risk and (ii) obtainingthe present value of each component with a specific risk-adjusted discount rate. Thevalue of the project is obtained as the sum of the present values so obtained. Alternatively,the different components can be corrected for their respective risk to obtain theircertainty equivalents. The value of the project is then obtained as the sum of those certaintyequivalents discounted at the unique, observable, identical, risk free rate.
Keywords: évaluation de projet, risques multiples, project evaluation, multiple risks
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