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In 1950 is born the Quebec Handicraft Center of Montreal, an educational and sociopolitical institution designed in a post-war prosperous context. Founding chairman Jean-Marie-Gauvreau leads the Center until 1963. Its development in the effervescent 1970's is then marked by another leader, the architect and designer Cyril Simard, who manages the Center for seven years. Both Gauvreau and Simard insist that be represented a contemporary Quebec where traditional techniques are produced with a modern and reinvented way. They deeply believe in the economic value of arts and crafts and in the power of there creators. In thinking and action, the Center's leaders always bonded culture and economy, tradition and creation. The Handicraft Center demonstrates how domestic and professional handicrafts were then recognised. This recognition was meant to promote a “Quebec Quality” concept and to stimulate regional economy.
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Historically connected with trade associations, cooperatives of artisans were modeled locally after agricultural cooperatives. The law of July 20, 1983 provided a legal framework and new tax and financial incentives for setting up cooperatives of family-owned businesses. The situation today is uneven. There are only a few cooperatives in some industries and increasingly powerful cooperative groups that are geographically concentrated. This article shows the contradictions of the cooperative movement in this sector, which is trying on one hand to ensure the survival of traditional artisanal practices centered on the trade and on the other hand encourage the development of a more commercially oriented model.
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What links were established between the Vichy government and craft cooperatives? This original piece of research has the merit of exploring a troubled period in French history, which until now has often been avoided. Despite its conservative image, Vichy had some interest in modernization, particularly in the realm of economic structures. The role intended for craft cooperatives illustrates this. The new department of craft industries, created within the ministry for industrial production, was meant to develop centralized network of cooperatives that would enable it to disseminate the technical programs it created throughout the country. As the article shows, the actual achievements lagged far behind the hopes of the Vichy officials. This attempt at making cooperatives an instrument of the regime was slowed down by Vichy's bureaucracy and a lack of interest among craftsmen.