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Gestion intégrée de l’eau et changements globaux face aux logiques de l’action administrative locale
More informationIn France, over the last decades, public authorities seems to have promoted (through the orientation of regulatory texts) an « integrated water resource management ». The implementation of this approach has resulted, in particular, in the transfer of numerous competences to dedicated departments of local authorities and to their groupings. At the same time, water resources are under increasing threat from a host of anthropogenic pressures - otherwise known as "global change". In this context, our study aims at exploring how the local implementation of water management - which has resulted in a segmented approach - is articulated with a management under increasing pressures from global change. This articulation was explored i nside a local authority ‒ the conurbation of Lorient Agglomération . Between the consideration of local specificities , the hydro-climatic changes, and the logic of local administrative action, it emerged that water management remains organized into different sectors (drinking-water/sanitation, urbanism, aquatic ecosystems) and is marked by a technical-administrative approach – mostly guided through the application of regulatory procedures, to the detriment of a transversal management integrating local stakeholders. Such conclusion is even more problematic given that climate-related pressures have so far been insufficiently taken into account in planning documents . While the lack of transversality did not seem to pose a major problem in a context of abundance, it is proving particularly inappropriate to the new hydro-climatic context ‒ imposing a constrained transversality.
Keywords: environnement, gouvernance, transversalité, Lorient Agglomération, ressource en eau, changement climatique, environnement, governance, transversality, Lorient Agglomération, water resource, climate change
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AbstractThe Breton language has become an urban languague. Its future development is linked to the cities of Brittany. Two models have been put forward concerning its development: the first by the Committee for Breton Identity in Upper Brittany and the second is the urban policy model developed by the city of Lorient in Lower Brittany. The latter model aims to develop bilingualism in road signposting and signage on buildings. While the first model proposes mainly a symbolic signage, the second model has a systematic character. Basing myself on the first model, I have observed that the second model, which is the object of study, also derives from the will to develop the Breton culture by way of urban signage. The naming of places is part of this process and becomes for the political actors a means to develop culture and identity. The correlation of the public demand in the Pays de Lorient for this type of signage, measured through a widespread questionnaire and semi-directive interviews, with the actual application of the policy reveals the identity and the economic issues. It also enables me to observe the political thinking and the field practices to draw a picture of the Breton situation.
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The digital era has caused tremendous transformation in the discipline of archival science. New issues are surfacing. This is particularly true with respect to the notion of risk, which has to be taken into account in defining the needs of an organization.In this article, Belin and Rietsch discuss the evolution of the digital in archives. Over the past fifteen years, the arrival of digital has certainly brought many advantages to the work of archivists, but it has also introduced a cluster of new problem areas. In fact, success in assuring the integrity of a digital document, its provenance, its confidentiality, and its long-term accessibility are all challenges that make us recall that the new era is sometimes based on complex functional mechanisms with significant costs.The second part of the article is dedicated to the presentation of an actual case : the successful installation of a shared regional electronic archiving system for the mixed territorial cooperative union Mégalis Bretagne, in France. The success of the operation is primarily due to the sharing of means, that is, the shared use of a system that has several technical infrastructures. This kind of system means that one can assure the optimization of available resources and the sharing of risks. An archival policy that is well thought out is absolutely necessary before putting such a system in place. The example of the Mégalis Bretagne system serves as a good illustration of a digital archival project and an analysis of risk.