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AbstractThe come-back of open war in Iraq since the British-American invasion in March 2003, twelve years after the previous Gulf war, has meant the failure of restoring peace, a process set by the United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 in 1991. Transcending the simplistic accusation directed against the former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein who was condemned of being the only responsible for the suffering of Iraqis, this article proposes to explore the numerous ambiguities lurking beneath Resolution 687 which have not only led to a decade of isolation and degradation in Iraq, but which have also revealed the persistence of a war mentality maintained by some of the belligerents who fought in winter 1991. Despite its theoretical objectives of peace, Resolution 687 remains – at best – an interlude if not a link between two wars.
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215.More information
Keywords: Label, patrimoine mondial, communication, collectivités locales, attractivité
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218.More information
The concept of historicism could be used to designate stage reconstitutions of ancient times or of ancient theatrical codes, as one does in painting or architecture. But it was in its philosophical acceptance, derived from the Marxist studies, that Bertolt Brecht introduced it in the late 1930s. This concept was then used in the 1970s, but with very different meanings: while Brecht intended to show the mutability of the society, some scholars applied it to every production which precisely refers to any times, even today's. The productions usually considered as exemplary of this treatment (George Dandin and The Tartuffe by Roger Planchon, Dom Juan by Patrice Chéreau), very much influenced by Brecht, attempted to represent the social transformations of the Grand Siècle. But one can discover that this modern conception of History was accompanied by much older ways of connecting present to the past, such as Cicero's historia magistra vitae.
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This research note is based on research conducted in the archives of the Marius Barbeau fund preserved at the Canadian Museum of History. The work conducted by the Québec folklorist starting in 1931 at the Musée d'ethnographie du Trocadéro helped to update the knowledge of some of the French collections stemming from its former North American colonies. Due to its ardent collaboration with the French museum specialist Georges-Henri Rivière, the Paris museum was then able to valorize a material culture, unknown until that point, in preparation for the opening of the Musée de l'Homme in 1937. Despite retiring in 1948, the indefatigable Marius Barbeau maintained a scientific correspondence with Georges-Henri Rivière and returned to Paris in 1953. He analyzed several Native American collections, the results shedding new light on the Franco-American heritage in Western European museums.