EN :
Over the past decade, Kichwa communities in San Martín, Peru, have faced growing tensions with environmental authorities over conservation and climate policies affecting forest access and use. Through a participatory action research project, we co-created a collaborative mapping methodology to document Indigenous visions on these transformations. This paper examines how critical mapping—integrating hand-drawn maps, storytelling, timelines, and digitalization—crystallizes Indigenous territoriality, enabling both internal reflection on territorial struggles and claims-making. Rather than being merely a response to imposed environmental governance, mapping becomes a practice that generates Indigenous agency and territorial autonomy. By enabling communities to represent their landscapes, history, and rights on their own terms, critical mapping becomes a powerful tool for grassroots political action.