Résumés
Abstract
Although paleoflood records developed from tree rings are much shorter than those developed from geological evidence, their brevity is offset by their exceptional utility for dating floods to a specific year. Inundation at the beginning of the growing season disturbs cambial processes in riparian Quercus spp., causing unusual anatomical features to develop within the annual ring, including small earlywood vessels, disrupted flame parenchyma and less wood fiber. These features are most strongly developed near the tree base, and may be caused by disruptions of auxin flow. Anatomical flood signatures can be used to determine the frequency, magnitude and hydrological causes of past floods, and to identify the influence of potential forcing mechanisms. In the lower Red River basin, Canada, flood-ring evidence has been used to identify several large floods during the mid 1700s, the early to mid 1800s and the latter half of the 20th century. Records for the Assiniboine River and the American portion of the Red River are developed from fewer trees, but suggest that severe floods in the Red and Assiniboine basins have coincided, albeit infrequently, during the past 500 years.
Résumé
Bien que les renseignements sur les paléoinondations tirés des cernes de croissance des arbres portent sur des intervalles beaucoup plus courts que ceux dérivés de la géologie, ils demeurent d’une exceptionnelle utilité pour dater l’année précise d’une inondation. Une inondation qui survient au début de la saison de croissance perturbe les processus cambiaux des chênes (Quercus spp.) riverains, ce qui provoque le développement de traits anatomiques inhabituels à l’intérieur du cerne de croissance annuel, dont de petits vaisseaux de bois initial, un parenchyme flammé perturbé et des fibres ligneuses moins nombreuses. Ces traits sont plus marqués près de la base de l’arbre et peuvent être causés par un arrêt de la circulation de l’auxine. Les empreintes anatomiques laissées par les inondations peuvent servir à déterminer la fréquence, l’ampleur et les causes hydrologiques des crues passées et à évaluer l’influence des mécanismes de forçage potentiels. Dans le bassin inférieur de la rivière Rouge, les indications sur les inondations tirées des cernes de croissance ont permis d’identifier plusieurs crues importantes survenues au milieu du XVIIIe siècle, du début au milieu du XIXe siècle et dans la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle. Pour la rivière Assiniboine et la partie américaine de la rivière Rouge, les données proviennent d’un moins grand nombre d’arbres, mais laissent croire que d’importantes inondations dans ces bassin ont parfois été synchrones au cours des 500 dernières années.
Resumen
Aun cuando el registro de paleo inundaciones presente en los anillos de crecimiento de árboles es más corto que el observado en una secuencia geológica, su brevedad nos permite situar de manera mas precisa la ocurrencia de inundaciones en un año en particular. La ocurrencia de una inundación al inicio del periodo de crecimiento genera cambios estructurales en el cámbium de los árboles. En caso del roble ribereño (Quercus spp.) los anillos de crecimiento que se forman cuando sucede una inundación presentan cambios anatómicos poco usuales. Dichos cambios incluyen la formación de madera con vasos jóvenes pequeños, un parénquima perturbado y la formación de fibras menos leñosas. Estas características se presentan principalmente a nivel de la base del árbol y podrían ser causadas por perturbaciones en el flujo de auxina. Estas huellas anatómicas de una inundación pueden ser usadas para determinar la frecuencia, la magnitud y las causas hidrológicas de inundaciones pasadas e identificar la influencia de mecanismos potenciales que las originan. En la parte baja de la cuenca del Red River (Canadá), las huellas presentes en los anillos de crecimiento han permitido identificar varios eventos de inundaciones durante mediados del siglo XVIII así como de inicios del siglo XIX y de mediados del siglo XX. Los registros observados en el Assiniboine River y en la parte estadounidense del Red River han sido desarrollados a partir de un número pequeño de árboles pero sugieren que durante los últimos 500 años ocurrieron, aunque con poca frecuencia, inundaciones importantes en las cuencas de los ríos Red y Assiniboine.
Parties annexes
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