Résumés
Abstract
The Northern Great Plains region is especially sensitive to drought and is likely to be even more drought-prone under projected global warming. Drought has been invoked as an explanatory factor for changes seen in postglacial paleoenvironmental records. These proxy records may extend drought history derived from instrumental data. Moreover, in the last decade, some paleoenvironmental studies have been expressly undertaken for the examination of long-term drought history. Nevertheless, few such studies explicitly define drought. This makes it difficult to compare results or to understand what the results mean in terms of the operational drought definitions that are used in resource management. Operational drought is defined as usually short-term; longer sustained dry intervals reflect a shift to aridity. Therefore, high resolution paleoenvironmental proxies (annual or subdecadal) are best for the investigation of drought history. Such proxies include tree rings and some lake records. However, most lake-based records are sampled at lower resolution (decadal or subcentury) and are therefore providing aridity signals.
Résumé
Les Grandes Plaines du Nord sont particulièrement sensibles à la sécheresse et seront vraisemblablement grandement touchées par le réchauffement climatique prévu. La sécheresse est un facteur qui peut expliquer les changements observés dans les relevés paléoenvironmentaux postglaciaires. Ces derniers permettent de comprendre, sur une plus longue période, l’évolution de la sécheresse révélée par les données climatiques modernes. Au cours de la dernière décennie, plusieurs études paléoenvironnementales ont été expressément entreprises dans ce but. Toutefois, peu d’entre elles présentent une définition précise de la sécheresse. Cela complique la comparaison et l’interprétation des résultats en ce qui a trait à la définition de la sécheresse en phase active. La sécheresse active n’est habituellement que de courte durée ; les épisodes secs plus longs reflètent un passage à l’aridité. Les indicateurs paléoenvironnementaux de haute résolution (annuels ou de moins d’une décennie) sont les meilleurs pour suivre l’évolution de la sécheresse. Ces indicateurs comprennent les cernes de croissance des arbres et certaines données lacustres. Cependant, les données lacustres d’une résolution inférieure (à l’échelle de la décennie ou de la fraction de siècle) tendent à donner des signaux d’aridité.
Resumen
La región de las grandes praderas de Norteamérica es particularmente sensible a la sequía y será sin duda afectada por el calentamiento global por venir. Se ha propuesto que la sequía puede ser el factor que explique los cambios observados en el registro de paleoambientes postglaciares. Dicho registro permite comprender la evolución de la sequía obtenida a partir de datos cuantitativos modernos, durante un periodo mas largo de tiempo. Mas aun, en la ultima década algunos estudios paleoambientales se han llevado a cabo expresamente para examinar la evolución de la sequía a largo plazo. Sin embargo, pocos son los estudios que definen explícitamente la sequía. Esto dificulta la interpretación y comparación de resultados en términos de una definición operacional de la sequía que permita su uso en el manejo de los recursos. La sequía operacional se define generalmente a corto plazo mientras que intervalos mas prolongados de sequías reflejan un paso a la aridez. Por consecuente, indicadores de alta resolución paleoambiental (anual o inferior a décadas) son mas adecuados para investigar la evolución de la sequía. Tales indicadores incluyen registros dendrocronológicos y datos lacustres. Aun cuando la mayor parte de registros basados en sedimentos lacustres son muestreados a baja resolución (décadas o fracciones de siglos) proporcionan también signos de aridez.
Parties annexes
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