Résumés
Abstract
Sediments exposed at Flintstone Hill in a Souris River cutbank provide the most complete postglacial stratigraphic section in the Glacial Lake Hind Basin (GLHB), southwestern Manitoba. Four lithologic units, A-D, are observed: A1 (~2 m thick), glaciolacustrine silts and clays that grade upward to peat and record final regression of Glacial Lake Hind (~10 500-9300 BP); A2 (~1.5 m thick), low energy fluvial marl and silts grading to O-horizon(s) (by 6700 BP); B (1.5 m thick), dune sands that migrated from the southwest, contrary to the modern wind regime (after ~6700 BP); C (1.0 m thick), thin fluvial deposit between eolian sand sheets (~5500-3200 BP); D (up to 7 m thick), parabolic dune on the modern landscape oriented consistent with the modern wind regime, blowouts suggest episodic dune reactivation (~3200 BP to present). Overall, Flintstone Hill deposits record draining of Glacial Lake Hind, establishment of the Souris River channel through the GLHB, mid-Holocene eolian activity / landscape instability greater than present, and a return to nearly modern conditions by ~5400 BP. Native inhabitants in the GLHB focused on exploiting wetlands and wet meadows before 9300 BP and a landscape similar to the present thereafter.
Résumé
Les sédiments à découvert de la Flintstone Hill, sur la berge escarpée de la rivière Souris, offrent la séquence stratigraphique postglaciaire la plus complète du bassin du Lac glaciaire Hind. Quatre unités lithologiques, de A à D, y sont observées : A1 (~2 m d’épaisseur), silts et argiles glaciolacustres au granoclassement vertical progressif jusqu’à la tourbe témoignent de la dernière régression du Lac glaciaire Hind (~10 500-9300 BP) ; A2 (~1,5 m d’épaisseur), marnes fluviatiles de faible énergie et silts jusqu’à un horizon O (vers 6700 BP) ; B (1,5 m d’épaisseur), sables dunaires en provenance du sud-ouest, contrairement au régime des vents actuel (après ~6700 BP) ; C (1,0 m d’épaisseur), dépôt fluviatile mince entre des couches de sable (~5500-3200 BP) ; D (jusqu’à 7 m d’épaisseur), dune parabolique faisant partie du paysage moderne et orientée selon le régime des vents actuel, avec des creux de déflation témoignant de réactivations dunaires épisodiques (~3200 BP à aujourd’hui). En résumé, les dépôts de la Flintsone Hill attestent d’abord de la vidange du Lac glaciaire Hind, puis de l’établissement du chenal de la rivière Souris à travers le bassin, d’une activité éolienne et d’une instabilité des paysages à l’Holocène moyen plus grande que maintenant et de l’établissement de conditions quasi contemporaines vers 5400 BP. Les premiers habitants du bassin ont d’abord exploité les terres humides et les prés humides avant 9300 BP, puis un paysage semblable à celui d’aujourd’hui par la suite.
Resumen
Los sedimentos expuestos en la zona de Flinstone Hills en la ribera del Souris River proporcionan el registro estratigráfico post-glaciar más completo de la cuenca del Lake Hind, al sudoeste de Manitoba. Se distinguen cuatro unidades litológicas: A-D. La unidad A1, de unos 2 m de grosor, está compuesta por limo y arcilla glaciolacustres, que pasan gradualmente a turba en la parte superior y evidencian la regresión final del Lake glaciar Hind hace unos 10 500 a 9300 años; la unidad A2 de alrededor 1.5 m de grosor, compuesta de marga de baja intensidad fluvial y de limo pasa gradualmente a un horizonte O hace unos 6700 años; la unidad B de aproximadamente 1.5 m de espesor, compuesta de dunas que migraron desde sudoeste, en dirección opuesta a la corriente eólica actual alrededor de unos 6700 años anteriores al presente; la unidad C de 1.0 m de espesor, compuesta por una capa fina de depósitos fluviales alternados con arenas datando de unos 5000 a 3200 años anteriores al presente; la unidad D que abarca mas de 7 m de grosor compuesta por la duna parabólica del paisaje actual orientada en la dirección del régimen eólico moderno. Las zonas de excavación eólica sugieren la reactivación de las dunas hace unos 3200 años. En conjunto, los depósitos provenientes de Flinstone Hills evidencian la canalización del Lake glaciar Hind y el establecimiento del cauce del Souris River a través de la cuenca. Además, a mediados del Holoceno, una actividad eólica y una inestabilidad del paisaje mayores a la época actual y el regreso a una condición similar al presente hace unos 5400 años. Hace aproximadamente 9300 años los habitantes de la cuenca del Lake glaciar Hind explotaron las tierras y praderas húmedas, posteriormente lo hicieron en un paisaje similar al actual.
Parties annexes
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