Résumés
Abstract
It is widely believed that Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca’s theory of argumentation is vulnerable to the charge of relativism. This paper provides a more charitable interpretation of Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca’s normative views, one that properly considers the historical trajectory of their work and a wider range of texts than existing interpretations. It is argued that their views are better characterized as a form of “contrastivism about arguments” than any kind relativism. This more accurate depiction contributes to ongoing efforts to revive interest in Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca’s work as well as build bridges with trends in contemporary argumentation theory.
Keywords:
- rhetoric,
- audience,
- reasonable,
- pluralism,
- relativism
Résumé
Il est largement admis que la théorie de l’argumentation de Perelman et Olbrechts-Tyteca est vulnérable à l’accusation de relativisme. Cet article propose une interprétation plus charitable des vues normatives de Perelman et Olbrechts-Tyteca, une interprétation qui considère correctement la trajectoire historique de leur travail et un éventail de textes plus large que les interprétations existantes. On fait valoir que leurs opinions sont mieux caractérisées comme une forme de « contrastivisme sur les arguments » que comme n’importe quelle sorte de relativisme. Cette représentation plus précise contribue aux efforts en cours visant à raviver l’intérêt pour le travail de Perelman et Olbrechts-Tyteca ainsi qu’à établir des ponts avec les tendances de la théorie contemporaine de l’argumentation.
Veuillez télécharger l’article en PDF pour le lire.
Télécharger
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- Aikin, Scott. 2021. Argumentative adversariality, contrastive reasons, and the winners-and-losers problem. Topoi 40(5): 837-844.
- Aikin, Scott. 2008. Perelmanian universal audience and the epistemic aspirations of argument. Philosophy & Rhetoric 41(3):238-259.
- Angenot, Marc, Marc André Bernier and Marcel Côté, eds. 2016. Renaissances de la rhétoriques : Perelman aujourd’hui. Paris: Éditions Nota Bene.
- Aristotle 2007. On rhetoric: A theory of civic discourse, 2nd ed., trans. George A. Kennedy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Aristotle 2018a. Rhetoric, trans. C.D.C. Reeve. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett.
- Aristotle. 2018b. The art of rhetoric, trans. Robin Waterfield. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Aristotle. 2019. Aristotle’s art of rhetoric, trans. Robert C. Bartlett. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
- Blaauw, Martijn ed. 2013. Contrastivism in philosophy. New York: Routledge.
- Blair, J. A. 2012. Perelman today on justice and argumentation. In Groundwork in the theory of argumentation: Selected papers of J. An-thony Blair, 301-308. Dordrecht: Springer.
- Bolduc, Michelle and David A. Frank. 2023. The intellectual and cultural origins of Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca’s new rhetoric project: Commentaries on and translations of seven foundational articles, 1933-1958. Leiden: Brill.
- Burnyeat, M. F. 1996. Enthymeme: Aristotle of the rationality of rhetoric. In Essays on Aristotle’s Rhetoric, ed. Amélie Oksenberg Rorty. Berkely: University of California Press.
- Chang, Ruth. 2016. Contrastivism: The grounds of rational choice. In Weighing reasons, eds. Errol Lord and Barry Maguire. Oxford: Ox-ford University Press.
- Dupréel, Eugène. 1948. Sociologie générale. Paris: Presses Universi-taires de France.
- Eemeren, Frans H. van, Bart Garssen, Erik C. W. Krabbe, A. Francisca Snoeck Henkemans, Bart Verheij and Jean H. M. Wagemans, eds. 2014. Handbook of argumentation theory. Dordrecht: Springer.
- Eemeren, Frans and Grootendorst, Rob. 1995. Perelman and the fallacies. Philosophy & Rhetoric 282: 122-133.
- Geraets, Theodore F., ed. 1979. Rationality to-day/ La rationalité aujourd’hui. Ottawa: The University of Ottawa Press.
- Goltzberg, Stefan. 2013. Chaïm Perelman. L’argumentation juridique. Paris : Michalon.
- Guerrini, Jean-Claude. 2020. Les valeurs dans l’argumentation : L’héritage de Chaïm Perelman. Paris: Classiques Garnier.
- Lewiński, Marcin and Mark Aakhus. 2023. Argumentation in complex communication: managing disagreement in a polylogue. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Perelman, Chaïm. 1963. The idea of justice and the problem of argument, trans. John Petrie. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
- Perelman, Chaïm. 1979a. The new rhetoric and the humanities: Essays on rhetoric and its applications. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company.
- Perelman, Chaïm. 1979b. Authority, ideology and violence. In The new rhetoric and the humanities: Essays on rhetoric and its applications, 138-145. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company.
- Perelman, Chaïm 1979c. Reflections on practical reason. In The new rhetoric and the humanities: Essays on rhetoric and its applications, 124-133. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company.
- Perelman, Chaïm. 1979d. The philosophy of pluralism and the new rhetoric. In The new rhetoric and the humanities: Essays on rhetoric and its ap-plications, 62-72. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company.
- Perelman, Chaïm. 1980. Justice, law, and argument: Essays on moral and legal reasoning. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing.
- Perelman, Chaïm. 1982a. The realm of rhetoric, trans. William Kluback. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
- Perelman, Chaïm. 1982b. Letter to Marcel Côté, 4 January 1982, Fonds Chaïm Perelman, Archives de l’Université libre de Bruxelles, BE.ULB-ARCH/89PP.
- Perelman, Chaïm. 1989. The new rhetoric and the rhetoricians: Remembrances and comments. In The new rhetoric of Chaim Perelman: Statement & response, ed. Ray D. Dearin, 239-251. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
- Perelman, Chaïm. 2012a. L’empire rhétorique : Rhétorique et argumentation, 2e éd. Paris : Vrin.
- Perelman, Chaïm. 2012b. Rhétoriques, 2e éd. Bruxelles : Éditions de l’Université de Bruxelles.
- Perelman, Chaïm. 2012c. Éthique et droit, 2e éd. Bruxelles : Éditions de l’Université de Bruxelles.
- Perelman, Chaïm. 2023a. On the Arbitrary in Knowledge. In The intellectual and cultural origins of Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca’s new rhetoric project: Commentaries on and translations of seven foundational articles, 1933-158, Michelle Bolduc and David A. Frank, 34-52. Leiden: Brill.
- Perelman, Chaïm. 2023b On Temporality as a Characteristic of Argumentation. In The intellectual and cultural origins of Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca’s new rhetoric project: Commentaries on and translations of seven foundational articles, 1933-158, Michelle Bolduc and David A. Frank, 181-199. Leiden: Brill.
- Perelman, Chaïm, and Olbrechts-Tyteca, Lucie. 1969. The new rhetoric: A treatise on argumentation, trans. John Wilkinson and Purcell Weaver. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
- Perelman, Chaïm, and Olbrechts-Tyteca, Lucie. 2008. Traité de l’argumentation. La nouvelle rhétorique, 6e éd. Bruxelles : Éditions de l’Université de Bruxelles.
- Scott, Blake D. Forthcoming. The rhetorical methodology of Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca’s theory of argumentation. Philosophy & Rhetoric.
- Scott, Blake D. Forthcoming. The rhetoricity of philosophy: Audience in Perelman and Ricoeur after the Badiou-Cassin debate. New York, NY: Routledge.
- Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter. 2008. A contrastivist manifesto. Social Epistemology 22(3): 257-270.
- Snedegar, Justin. 2017. Contrastive reasons. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Tindale, Christopher W. 2015. The philosophy of argument and audience reception. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Tindale, Christopher W. 2021. The anthropology of argument: Cultural foundations of rhetoric and reason. New York, NY: Routledge.
- Toulmin, Stephen E. 2003. The uses of argument, updated ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Villadsen, Lisa S. 2020. Progress, but slow going: Public argument in the forging of collective norms. Argumentation 34: 325-337.
- Wintgens, Luc. 1993. Rhetoric, reasonableness and ethics: An essay on Perelman. Argumentation 7: 451-460.
- Zenker, Frank, van Laar, Jan Albert, Cepollaro, B., Gâțǎ, A., Hinton, M., King, C.G., Larson, B., Lewiński, m., Lumer, C., Oswald, S., Pichlak, M., Scott, B. D., Urbański, M., Wagemans, J. H. M. 2023. Norms of public argumentation and the ideals of correctness and participation. Argumentation: 1-34. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s10503-023-09598-6>.