Résumés
Abstract
This article demonstrates that translation patronage can shift imperceptibly between being undifferentiated and differentiated. It focuses on the passage of time as a factor that could be added to Lefevere’s conceptualization of patronage. Currently this conceptualization approaches history as a series of snapshots, with little focus on transition, most importantly, between one form of patronage and another. With an overview of the development of translation patronage in early modern Japanese history, this article explores the dynamics of translation patronage over a period of well over two centuries, when the country maintained a policy of national isolationism. Under this policy, Christianity became absolutely taboo, and those associated with it were regarded with utmost suspicion. Yet, limited international trade was permitted to continue by a state-owned collegium of interpreters. Under this system, the patronage of translators in Japan was extremely undifferentiated, being obtained solely from governmental sources. However, before the end of this system, patronage had already shifted to a differentiated model, in which translation services were being sought by a wide range of parties beyond the government.
Keywords:
- patronage,
- Japan,
- interpreters,
- translation history,
- isolationism
Résumé
Cet article démontre que le mécénat des traductions peut aller imperceptiblement de l’indifférencié au différencié. Il se concentre sur le « passage du temps » comme facteur de la conceptualisation du mécénat, originairement conçu par Lefevere. Actuellement, cette conceptualisation analyse l’Histoire comme une série d’instantanés avec peu d’attention portée à la notion de transition, surtout lorsqu’elle concerne le passage d’une forme de mécénat à une autre. Après un compte rendu du développement du mécénat des traductions au début de l’histoire moderne du Japon, cet article explore la dynamique du mécénat des traductions pendant une période de plus de deux siècles lorsque le pays a maintenu une politique d’isolationnisme national. En vertu de cette politique, le christianisme est devenu absolument tabou, et ceux qui y étaient associés étaient considérés avec la plus grande suspicion. Cependant, un collège d’interprètes d’État permettait le maintien d’un niveau restreint de relations commerciales internationales. Dans ce système, le mécénat des traducteurs au Japon était extrêmement indifférencié, provenant exclusivement de sources gouvernementales. Toutefois, avant la chute de ce système, le modèle du mécénat était déjà différencié et les services de traduction étaient recherchés par un large éventail de parties intéressées, hors du cadre du gouvernement.
Mots-clés :
- mécénat,
- Japon,
- interprètes,
- histoire du traduction,
- isolationnisme
Parties annexes
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