Résumés
Abstract
This study explores the ways in which volunteer translation in a commercial context is discursively constructed. It focuses on volunteer translation at Coursera, one of the world’s largest MOOC providers, and its volunteer translator community, launched in 2014 to offer online learning in multiple languages. This move to mobilize volunteer translators by Coursera, a for-profit company, became controversial as different parties voiced distinct opinions regarding a commercial company’s recruitment of volunteer translators. Using the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework and drawing on the notion of digital labor, this paper argues that volunteer translation is described by Coursera mostly in terms of a mission and a learner-initiated and community-building activity. This contrasts with the view of many social critics who tend to emphasize profit-making strategies, labor exploitation, and the degradation of the translation profession in their discursive construction of volunteer translation. This study shows that Coursera’s foregrounding of a moral rationale and of philanthropic and non-profit discourses blurs the boundary between for-profit and non-profit contexts and does the ideological work of naturalizing translation without financial compensation in the context of a commercial company.
Keywords:
- volunteer translation,
- crowdsourcing,
- ethics,
- digital labour,
- MOOC,
- digital platform
Résumé
Cette étude explore la manière dont les discours sur la traduction bénévole se construisent par une entreprise commerciale. Elle s’intéresse au projet de la traduction bénévole chez Coursera, l’une des plus grandes plateformes MOOC. Lancé en 2014, ce projet a pour but de faire traduire bénévolement des cours de Coursera en plusieurs langues. S’agissant d’une entreprise à but lucratif, cette initiative a créé une vive polémique et les avis divergent sur la question de savoir si une entreprise commerciale peut mobiliser à des fins lucratives des traducteurs bénévoles. S’appuyant sur le cadre de l’analyse critique du discours (CDA) et sur la notion de « travail numérique », cette étude soutient que la traduction bénévole est présentée, par Coursera, principalement en termes de mission, d’activité débutée à l’initiative de ses utilisateurs afin de renforcer un sentiment d’appartenance communautaire. Pourtant, certains critiquent cette initiative, en signalant le modèle économique de l’entreprise, les stratégies de rentabilité, l’exploitation de main-d’oeuvre et la dégradation de la profession de traducteur. L’étude démontre que le discours de Coursera, insistant sur l’aspect moral et philanthropique du projet, brouille la frontière entre lucratif et non-lucratif, puis naturalise la traduction par un travail idéologique, sans aucune compensation financière pour les traducteurs.
Mots-clés :
- traduction bénévole,
- crowdsourcing,
- éthique,
- travail numérique,
- MOOC,
- plateforme numérique
Resumen
Este estudio indaga en la forma en que se construye, discursivamente y en un contexto comercial, la noción del voluntariado de traducción. En concreto nos centramos aquí en el caso de Coursera, uno de los mayores proveedores de cursos abiertos, masivos y en línea del mundo. La movilización de traductores voluntarios a partir de 2014 por parte de Coursera, una empresa con fines de lucro, se convirtió en una cuestión no exenta de polémica. Utilizando el marco del análisis crítico del discurso (ACD) y basándose en la noción de «trabajo digital», este artículo muestra cómo Coursera describe el voluntariado en tanto que misión iniciada por el estudiante y mediante la que se favorece la construcción identitaria de la comunidad. Esto contrasta con el punto de vista de muchos sectores críticos que lo retratan como un modelo de negocio mundial, con estrategias para la obtención de beneficios, la explotación laboral y la degradación de la profesión. Nuestro estudio sostiene que el hecho de que Coursera ponga en primer plano una lógica moral y haga uso de discursos filantrópicos difumina la frontera entre los contextos con y sin ánimo de lucro, lo cual fomenta el que se naturalice la traducción sin compensación financiera en el contexto de una empresa comercial.
Palabras clave:
- traducción voluntaria,
- crowdsourcing,
- ética,
- trabajo digital,
- MOOC,
- plataforma digital
Parties annexes
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