Résumés
Résumé
Objectifs L’émergence de l’intervention précoce pour les premiers épisodes psychotiques (PEP), dans les années 90, représente une avancée majeure en santé mentale. On a démontré qu’en offrant des interventions intensives adaptées aux besoins spécifiques des jeunes dès le début du PEP, il devenait possible de durablement améliorer leur évolution ultérieure. Ce modèle d’intervention précoce pour la psychose (IPP) s’accompagne d’une révision en profondeur des conceptions des troubles psychotiques et d’un changement majeur de philosophie de soins. L’objectif du présent article est d’offrir une perspective historique du développement de l’IPP, d’aborder les défis liés à son implantation et d’offrir des pistes de solutions.
Méthodes Consensus d’experts identifiant les défis les plus saillants dans l’implantation de l’IPP et proposant des solutions les plus applicables possible, selon leur appréciation de la littérature pour y remédier.
Résultats Pour optimiser l’implantation et l’efficience des PPEP, 7 pistes ont été identifiées : 1) Mieux cibler les populations plus difficiles à rejoindre et systématiser l’intégration à un PPEP de tous les patients consultant pour un PEP ; 2) La réduction de la durée de la psychose non traitée doit être un objectif majeur des PPEP, nécessitant notamment des efforts de détection précoce par la sensibilisation du public, la formation des professionnels de 1re ligne et l’amélioration des processus et délais d’accès au traitement ; 3) Les mesures visant à maintenir l’engagement des patients au suivi doivent être appliquées systématiquement ; 4) La participation des familles devra être soutenue plus activement par les équipes tout au long du suivi, notamment par la mise en place de stratégies pour favoriser son acceptation par les patients ; 5) Des recherches futures permettront de mieux comprendre comment moduler la durée et l’intensité du suivi PPEP en fonction des profils des patients, afin notamment de maintenir à plus long terme les résultats atteints durant le PPEP ; 6) Les modalités de prise en charge des états mentaux à risque demeurent à clarifier, tant en termes des approches à leur offrir que de la structure de soins qui serait la plus appropriée pour les accueillir ; 7) Il faut poursuivre l’implantation des PPEP, notamment au sein de la francophonie, qui en est à des stades très différents d’un pays à l’autre et à l’intérieur même de chaque pays.
Conclusion Les PPEP améliorent le devenir des jeunes aux prises avec un PEP tant sur le plan du rétablissement, de la mortalité que du suicide. Les solutions suggérées aux défis survenant dans le processus de leur déploiement à grande échelle doivent être opérationnalisées afin que ces soins soient accessibles au plus grand nombre en temps opportun, pour maximiser leur impact au niveau populationnel.
Mots-clés :
- intervention précoce pour la psychose,
- implantation à large échelle,
- premier épisode psychotique,
- durée de psychose non traitée,
- état mental à risque de psychose,
- engagement
Abstract
Objectives The emergence of early intervention for first episode psychosis (FEP) in the 1990s represents a major advance in mental health. It was demonstrated that by providing intensive interventions tailored to the specific needs of youth at the onset of FEP, it became possible to sustainably improve their subsequent course. This model of early intervention for psychosis (EIP) is accompanied by a major revision of conceptions of psychotic disorders and a major change in philosophy of care. The purpose of this article is to provide a historical perspective on the development of EIP, to discuss the challenges associated with its implementation, and to offer possible solutions.
Methods Experts consensus identifying the most salient challenges in implementing Early intervention for psychosis, and proposing the most feasible solutions, based on their assessment of the literature to address them.
Results To optimize the implementation and efficiency of EIP programs, 7 avenues were identified: 1) Better targeting of hard-to-reach populations and systematizing the admission of all FEP patients in EIP programs. 2) Reducing the duration of untreated psychosis should be a major goal of EIP programs, requiring early detection efforts through public awareness, training of front-line professionals, and improving treatment access processes and delays. 3) Measures to maintain patient engagement in a follow-up should be implemented systematically. 4) Family involvement should be more actively supported by teams throughout follow-up, including strategies to promote patient acceptance of their involvement. 5) Future research will provide a better understanding of how to modulate the duration and intensity of EIP follow-up according to patient profiles, in particular in order to maintain the results achieved during PPEP over the longer term. 6) The modalities for managing at-risk mental states remain to be clarified, both in terms of the approaches to be offered to them and the health care structure that would be most appropriate to accommodate them. 7) The implementation of EIP programs must be continued, particularly in the French-speaking world, which is at very different stages from one country to another and even within each country.
Conclusion EIP improve the outcomes of youth with FEP in terms of recovery, mortality and suicide. Solutions to challenges encountered in their widespread implementation must be operationalized to ensure that this care is accessible to the greatest number of people in a timely manner to maximize its impact at the population level.
Keywords:
- early intervention for psychosis,
- large-scale implementation,
- first episode psychosis,
- duration of untreated psychosis,
- at risk mental state,
- patient engagement,
- family engagement
Parties annexes
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