McGill University Thèses et mémoires publiés en 1961

A statistical problem falls under the heading of hypothesis testing when there are only two decisions which can be made at the completion of an experiment; the decisions are whether the probability measure of the experiment is in a subset of a class of measures omega, or whether it is in the complement of that subset.  Lire la suite

Each and every employee in France and the Province of Quebec is deemed by law to have an individual labour contract with his employer. The employee may not be aware of this since, in an increasingly large number of cases, the terms and conditions under which he works are created by a collective labour agreement. Nevertheless, such a contract exists, and, in the absence of a collective labour agreement, is the sole source of his obligation to provide the employer with work, and of the employer's obligation to pay him a given salary.  Lire la suite

In Canada for at least four months of the year, livestock, particularly ruminants, are often without protection from below-freezing temperatures. Under these conditions, the animals are frequently obliged to satisfy their total daily free water requirements in one or two drinking sessions with water at temperatures near freezing. The daily water requirements of all animals are known to be proportional to dry matter or energy intake. As environmental temperatures decline below the comfort zone, feed consumption and consequently water requirements increase.  Lire la suite

It is normal practice for civil engineers designing steel beams and columns to assume that the joints are free to rotate, unless they are especially designed as "fixed" joints, in which case it is assumed rotation is completely prevented. In actual fact, however, the joints are semi-rigid. Some rotation does take place, but this rotation is resisted by the joint and creates bending moment at the ends of the beam. The relationship between the joint rotation and bending moment cannot, as yet, be determined theoretically.  Lire la suite

A detailed analysis of the phenomenon of whirling and the application of steady-state theory to transient conditions. The equations of mot ion for a simple rotor system subjected to uniform acceleration are set up and a method of solution demonstrated. These solutions are shown to be applicable to the case of simply supported, accelerating, vertical, slender shafts. The theoretical results are found to be in satisfactory agreement with those obtained experimentally and provide a qualitative guide, not only to the effect of angular acceleration, but also to the relative influences of shaft balance, mass, stiffness, and viscous damping upon amplitudes …  Lire la suite

It is found possible that an analogue computer be adapted to work on sampled Data and the First Derivative of a Time Function be approximated by a Mathematical Operation using Finite Differencing techniques. A typical Mathematical Operation of the most general possible form is analysed into a set of basic Mathematical Operations each of which is responsible for some of the usually desired features in the approximation. This allows the production of a Mathematical Operation for different approximations with different requirements.  Lire la suite

One characteristic feature of higher plants is their ability to synthesize phenolic compounds in great variety and quantity. Lignin, which constitutes 20-30 % of the dry weight of plants, is formed of phenolic polymers. Phenolic compounds appear to be metabolically inert substances and are considered to be stable and characteristic end products in living plant tissues. No general function can be ascribed to these compounds and no explanation bas been given to their extraordinary diversity. This is possibly one of the reasons why little attention has been given to them by plant physiologists and biochemists in the past.  Lire la suite

Pyocyanine is a blue pigment characterized by the basic phenazine structure. Several other pigments were isolated from bacterial origins which contained the phenazine "nucleus." The similarities between these chemical compounds and their relation to phenazine are more readily observed by a comparison of structural formulae. [...]  Lire la suite

In a heat exchanger the rate of heat flow from the hot to the cold fluid is proportional to the temperature difference between the two. For design purposes it is essential to know the mean difference in temperature between the inlet and exit temperatures.  Lire la suite

Phagocytosis stimulates respiration, 'shunt' metabolism of glucose, lactic acid production and formate oxidation by the leucocytes. The stimulation of shunt metabolism of glucose during phagocytosis occurs only aerobically. Glycolytic inhibitors strongly inhibit phagocytosis. Cyanide and azide have no effect on the stimulated respiration and glucose oxidation, however, they completely inhibit the stimulated formate oxidation. Fatty acids with carbon chains from C6 to C15 inhibit phagocytosis.  Lire la suite

This thesis attempts to explore the mental image that a sample of juvenile delinquents have of the recreational and informal educational agencies with which they have been associated. It is concerned with the problem of the subjective picture held by a sample of delinquents regarding these agencies - their staff, their members and their activities. A great deal has been written in the past decade or more by various interested groups in the community offering interpretations of the nature of delinquency, its causes and programs for its prevention and cure. None of these studies, however, has at tempted to elicit …  Lire la suite

Until the last decade or so, scientific material concerning the Queen Elizabeth Islands has been derived almost entirely from the work of expeditions. Some of these, it is true, went to the area only in attempts to discover new lands, to traverse the mythical "open polar sea", or to reach the North Pole itself, but several expeditions also made careful and detailed scientific observations. At least two such meteorological records are still of interest and value in the study of the climate of the northern part of Ellesmere Island.  Lire la suite

In current pulping methods most of the lignin is probably dissolved at the expense of rendering the remainder less soluble owing to chemical condensation between particularly reactive sites in the lignin molecule. To gain more information about this undesirable reaction, the thesis by E. Eisenbraun had the object of discovering whether such reactive sites could be “blocked” by preferential condensation of the phenol-formaldehyde type. It was shown by three independant methods that 100g of spruce periodate lignin condensed with about 30 g of formaldehyde to form Ross-Potter, or formaldehyde, lignin.  Lire la suite

Rehn and Hebard (1915) listed forty-seven names in synonymy under the original name, Acheta assimilis Fabricius, 1775. Recent studies by Fulton (1952), Alexander (1957), Alexander and Bigelow (1960) and Bigelow (1958 and 1960) have revealed the presence of a number of distinct, reproductively isolated species. All these writers recognized biological evidence as being of primary importance in taxonomic studies of American field crickets.  Lire la suite

Airlines in Canada and the United States of America desiring to purchase commercial aircraft are confronted today with serious legal and financial problems. In general, the financial problems in both countries are related to the fact that the cost of new equipment is very high in proportion to airline earnings. The earnings of the United States trunklines for the year 1960 are estimated to be about $4 million, at the lowest point since 1949. In the face of competition and technological advances, airlines have been forced to re-equip their fleets with jets and turbo-prop aircraft.  Lire la suite

The origin of the Governor General's awards stems from tile Canadian Authors Association, which was founded in 1921 and which provided the stimulus necessary for the establishment of the awards. The first written evidence of the Canadian Authors Association considering such a need may be found in the Minutes of the National Executive of the Association dated February 19 1927 which reads as follows.  Lire la suite

Delicate and perishable small fruits like strawberries and raspberries require extra care in handling, shipping and processing. Berry growers must put their product on the market in good condition, which requires careful handling during picking, storing and subsequent shipping to the market so that the fruits retain freshness and quality. On the other hand, the fruit preservation industries are interested in the quality of their finished product, which is largely dependent upon the quality of the raw berries.  Lire la suite

A sentence X in the lower predicate calculus L is said to be defined in a set K of sentences in L if all the extralogical symbols of X occur in K. K is said to be complete if every sentence X in L which is defined in K and which is consistent with K, is deducible from K. Semantically, the completeness of a set K asserts that any two models of K satisfy the same "axioms" (sentences) which can be formulated in L using only the extralogical symbols that appear in K. Thus from the fact that the set …  Lire la suite

Studies on a new method, employing a portable battery-powered Bouyoucos bridge and a needle electrode clamp cell, to estimate the vigour of apple rootstocks from the electrical resistances of living twigs, were carried out in 1959 and 1960. The electrical resistances of past year's twigs of 14 rootstook varieties were arranged in the following order: Kerr, K.XVI, O-524, M. Robusta No.5, M.XIII, M.XII, M.I, M.3430, M.II, M.VII, M.3428, K.3436, M.IX and M.3426. There were significant differences between major vigour groups.  Lire la suite

In this survey of towns examples of them occurring at various periods of time have been selected. As far as possible representative examples have been chosen. In the discussion on the various towns, great detail has been avoided. The reasons for this are that great benefit cannot derive from this alone, and further this type of indexing has been done by many people in great detail previously. The examination of the towns, has been carried out from a subjective point of view. Various criteria such as size, layout and siting are compared.  Lire la suite

The visual functions of the temporal lobes have been known and extensively studied in the monkey since the demonstration by Kluver and Bucy (1939) that bilateral temporal lobectomy results in a severe deficit in visual ability. The importance of temporal neocortex in auditory perception, although taken for granted because of the location here of the primary auditory projection areas, has not been extensively studied in primates, but has been investigated in the cat. In man only a small number of studies bearing on these modality-specific functions has been done.  Lire la suite

Measurements of the spin-lattice relaxation time, T1, and spin-spin relaxation time, T2, of potassium ferricyanide diluted by potassium coba1ticyanide were made by the CW saturation method. Crystals of two concentrations of Fe3+ in K3Co(CN)6 were investigated: 0.5% and 1.0%. The results are the same for both concentrations to within the probable error. The mean relaxation times for the two concentrations are quoted to one significant figure, together with the probable errors: T1 =(1 +- 0.15) x 10-4 sec and T2 = (9 +- 0.4) x 10-9 sec. Calculations have been made to determine the angular dependence of the paramagnetic resonance …  Lire la suite

Measurements of the spin-lattice relaxation time, T1, and spin-spin relaxation time, T, of potassium ferricyanide diluted by potassium cobalticyanide were made by the CW saturation method. Crystals of two concentrations of Fe3+ in K3Co(CN)6 were investigated: 0.5% and l.0%. The results are the same for both concentrations to within the probable error. The mean relaxation times for the two concentrations are quoted to one significant figure, together with the probable errors.  Lire la suite

As part of the general investigation into the deglaciation of central Labrador-Ungava, a study is made of the glacial drift forms in the Schefferville area. The principal method of examination of the till is by fabric analysis. An elaborate method of field procedure and statistical plotting of the till fabric analyses is described and adopted. The drift forms appear generally to have been deposited sub-glacially from stagnant or slowly-moving ice. The till fabric analyses suggest that in the Schefferville district the last movement of ice was from the north, and lends support to the proposal of an ice divide near …  Lire la suite

Proton bombardment of europium produced a new activity of 96 ± 5 minutes half-life. The only 96 minute radiation seen is a 93 ± 3 kev gamma ray. This is classified as an El transition from measurement of the K conversion coefficient (ak = 0.266 ± 0.04). The 93 kev gamma ray is considered to be in cascade with an isomeric transition; the isomeric transition is assumed to be highly converted and, hence, unobserved in the gamma-ray spectrum. The isomeric level is assigned to Eu152 by chemistry, excitation curves and bombardments of enriched isotopes.  Lire la suite

A ring R is said to be prime if AB = 0 implies A= 0 or B = 0 for any (two sided) ideals A, B of R. If R is commutative, this condition is equivalent to: ab= 0 implies a= 0 or b = 0, where a and b are arbitrary elements of R. Thus it is seen that a prime ring is a generalization of an integral domain, and hence merits investigation. Prime rings with certain chain conditions were studied by Goldie [4] and Johnson [6]. Using different methods, we shall establish their main results. (In Goldie’s case …  Lire la suite

Pastures constitute an integral part of the acreage on most farms in the humid North-East or North America. In the Province of Quebec one firth of the farmland is devoted to pastures of one soil or another, representing three and three quarter million acres. Although adequate grassland resources are evidently of primary importance in grassland farming, pasture improvement progresses slowly, for mainly two reasons, firstly, the pastures are usually the most neglected crop on the average farm, and secondly, an entire misconception or the nature of grassland, i.e. the non-recognition of its complex nature.  Lire la suite

Rates of growth and the multiple factors affecting them are of primary concern to those involved with the production of food, both plant and animal, for human populations. Knowledge of critical factors influencing growth is of use in farming animals and plants because some of these factors can be directly controlled. This knowledge is also useful in dealing with crops growing in situations where most of the factors in the environment are at present outside the influence of man, including many commercial forms of marine fish.  Lire la suite

Glycogen is an important source of energy for animals and has attracted many research workers to study the mechanism of its synthesis and breakdown. In this thesis, effects of some glucose analogues on the biosynthesis of glycogen were investigated. In this connection, it seems pertinent to present reviews on the mechanism of the enzymic synthesis of glycogen and on the effects of glucose analogues on glucose metabolism.  Lire la suite

In the following pages we are going to consider the iterative solution of any analytic function (regular in the neighbourhood of the roots) of the complex variable z. In other words we are going to construct and investigate numerical methods for finding any root ε of f(z) = 0, where we only consider those cases for which f(z) is continuous in the vicinity of ε, and f(z) becomes zero of finite order at ε (i.e . the order of the root ε is finite).  Lire la suite

Absolute cross sections have been measured for the reactions O16(p,pn)O15 and O16(p,pna)C11 over the proton energy range 18 to 85 Mev. The proton beam intensity was monitored by the C12(p,pn)C11 reaction and as secondary monitor by the Cu63(p,n) and (p,pn) reactions. The oxygen target material was quartz. The curve of O16(p,pn)O15 shows a broad maximum of about 90 mb from 30 to 45 Mev, followed by a slow decrease. The shape of the curve is very similar to the one for the C12(p,pn)C11 reaction. The yield curve of O16(p,pna)C11 increases slowly from the threshold at 27.5 Mev up to 48 …  Lire la suite

The process of boiling inside tubes has wide industrial application. The study of this subject is pertinent to the design of evaporators, tubular water boilers and pipe stills of various types. Boiling is a mode of heat transfer that can accommodate heat fluxes in the order of millions of B.T.U./(hr.)(sq.ft.), whereas heat fluxes possible with non-boiling liquids are only of the order of a few thousands of B.T.U./(hr.)(sq.ft.).  Lire la suite

The question of Second Chambers is one of the few problems in political science on which we have received no direct guidance from the Greeks. Indeed, historically the idea of the bicameral legislation is rooted in the stratified society of the Middle Ages, in which the different classes of nobility, clergy, and townsmen composed politically independent estates. When emergency arose, each estate met separately in a "states general" to determine the amount of its contribution to the King’s revenues. "It was largely by accident," says Shepard, “that in England the several social orders came to sit in two Houses.”  Lire la suite

Das Dichtertum, wie es von Rainer Maria Rilke vorgelebt wurde, hat in der deutschen Literatur eine gewisse Entwicklung durchgemacht. Seit der Erscheinung Klopstocks, der sich als erster bewusst zum Dichter und nur zum Dichter berufen ftlhlte, ist das Bedürfnis nach einem unbedingten, gewissermassen absoluten Erlebnis des Kllnstlertums immer stârker zum Ausdruck gekommen. Holderlins leidvolles Verfallensein an die Kunst stellte bereits eine bewusste Erweiterung und Zuspitzung dieses Bedürfnisses dar.  Lire la suite

The first isolation of free living nitrogen-fixing bacteria by Winogradsky and Beijerinck stimulated the attempts to assess the importance of non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the nitrogen economy of the soil. Most non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation investigations have been concerned with agricultural soils because of their economic importance. Very few studies of nitrogen fixation have been done with woodland soils, of a virgin nature, which might contribute more to our knowledge of soil processes than would those under cultivation.  Lire la suite

During the 1959 field season, the author served as geologist, on a Quebec Department of Mines field party, which made a reconnaissance of the Siluro-Devonian strata between the Matapedia valley and lake Temiscouata, Quebec.  Lire la suite

Red claver (Trifolium pratense) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) are leguminous forage species of demonstrated economic value. They are cross-pollinated, largely self-incompatible or self-sterile and highly heterozygous. Attempts at the improvement of red clover through plant breeding have occurred since the beginning of the century in a number of countries chief amongst which are Scandinavia, Great Britain, the United States and Canada. Interest in the employment and improvement of birdsfoot trefoil is fairly recent.  Lire la suite

Phenolic compounds are of widespread occurrence in plants. In recent years there have been extensive investigations into the biosynthetic pathways or the aromatic nucleus. Two main routes of formation are known, each giving rise to a group or family or aromatic compounds. Firstly, the acetate pathway involves the end to end condensation or three acetate molecules to give rise to phenols. Acetate-C14 has been found to label the A ring of flavonoids in which the hydroxyl groups are arranged as in resorcinol and phloroglucinol.  Lire la suite

The female breast is an unstable tissue under hormonal stimulation and there exists a more than usual danser that proliferation may become progressive and finally atypical and uncontrolled. Once started, cancer cell proliferation is a chain reaction which the body is rarely able to stop. Even t he surgeon and the radiologist do not biologically stop the tumour. One nips it out and the other destroys it in situ. We are still faced with the old debate as to whether the successful subsistance of the cancer is dependent on inherent intercellular attributes or to lack of adequate defense. Probably both …  Lire la suite

In riveted beam to column web connections the relationship between the connection‘s end rotation and moment have received considerable attention in the past. Numerous tests and studies have been made using various combinations of beams, connections and column sizes. However, little is known about the relationship of moment and rotation in high-tensile bolted beam to column connections.  Lire la suite

The Temiscouata region is here defined as the area encompassed by the National Topographic Series maps of Squateck, the western half of the Cabane sheet, and part of the Wild Goose sheet ( see maps 1 and 2). Specifically, the region is bounded by the following geographical coordinates: Latitudes 47°30’ and 47°45’, combined with longitudes 69°00’ and 68°45’ (Cabane West half sheet) Latitudes 47°45’ and 48°00’, combined with longitudes 69°00’ and 68°15’30’’ (Squateck sheet and part of the Wild Goose sheet) The area thus enclosed is an L, and is 730 square miles. Approximately half of this area is underlain …  Lire la suite

Labour's share of the national income has long been an important field of study in economics, and many studies of advanced countries have shown that this share has remained fairly constant over long periods of time. In recent years, the emphasis in study has shifted from the size of the share to the division of the share among the Tarious labour groups, regardless of whether labour's share of the national income is increasing or not.  Lire la suite

A great number of processes tor the conversion of saline and brackish waters to usable water have been investigated recently. Among the various processes (4,5,8,17,23,25,27,42,53), membrane processes have become a widely investigated field. Of the membrane processes, electrodialysis is the most encouraging of those studied. A survey ot cost estimates (17,41) has shown that electrodialysis at the present stage ot development is able to convert brackish water at a coat of $0.40 per thousand gallons.  Lire la suite

Robertson, H. (Supervisor)  Lire la suite

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the validity of two approximations encountered in the study of hypernuclei. The first involves the treatment of the hard core in the nucleon-nucleon, or ^-nucleon, potential. In particular, a boundary perturbation formula which purports to describe the effects of a hard core is tested by means of comparison with exact calculations for the case of the deuteron.  Lire la suite

It would be against all reason and evidence to maintain that biography is not important, particularly in studying Yeats. But this student has become impatient with critics who allow Yeats's life and influences to overshadow his poems and even to replace them. One looks for critical discussion of a poem and finds its genesis instead. Its poetic history may be essential to the understanding of the poem, but it will not by itself direct a reader's mind. Therefore, while one cannot ignore such persistent ghosts as Maud Gonne and Ezra Pound, one can sum up their and Yeats's activities during …  Lire la suite

The Restoration of King Charles II to the throne of England brought about a marked reaction from the austere regime of the Cromwells. This reaction took the form of widespread political immorality and wholesale licentiousness in social mores. Popular sentiment was such that laws and proclamations could do nothing to stem the tide of licentiousness and religious indifference. The only avenue open to reform was the organization of voluntary societies for the cultivation and support of a devotional and moral life.  Lire la suite

Sufficient evidence is available to consider radio-activity as a public health hazard. Constantly increasing use of atomic energy products in industry, as well as in the laboratory, presents a real problem. The biological effects of irradiation are presently studied from various points of view. Much remains to be learned about the long range effects of radiation. Only a beginning bas been made by the studies of Copeland, Vaughan, Aub, Looney and Gartland Hoffmann, Martland.  Lire la suite

Throughout the history of the philosophy of language, roughly two traditions can be discerned. There are, on the one hand, those who look upon language as something static, something established once and for all by convention. On the other band are those who view language as something of an organic, or functional nature. To the latter category belong those philosophers who believe that the true meaning of a word or sentence is never, and can never be, instantly apparent from the word or sentence itself.  Lire la suite

The present study was undertaken in order to examine the opinions and attitudes which Board Members of Recreation Agencies have of “good citizenship”. A study of the recreation agency and “good citizenship” seems relevant at the present time for a number of reasons. Recreation agencies have, for many years, considered the development of good citizenship as one of their major goals in working with their membership. Most agencies include a statement in their constitutions to the effect that one of the aims of the agency is to promote good citizenship.  Lire la suite